---
title: westward — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «westward» in the school dictionary: Westward means going towards the west. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# westward

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Westward, ship, sun, Pioneers, storm, garden · **What happens:** mean, go, describe, face, lie, sail · **To what, where:** west, something, Atlantic, sky, covered wagons, coast

<!-- .vabout -->
«westward» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [westward in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/westward.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Westward means going towards the west.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:westward:m1:1
# text = Westward means going towards the west.
1	Westward	westward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	west	west	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Westward |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go** *not said to happen* | gerund | Westward *not said here* |  |  | the west |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme towards west=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Westward describes something that faces or lies towards the west.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:westward:m2:1
# text = Westward describes something that faces or lies towards the west.
1	Westward	westward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	faces	face	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	lies	lie	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
8	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	west	west	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | present | Westward | something |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **face** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **lie** | present |  |  |  |  |  | towards the west | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ship sailed westward across the Atlantic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:westward:x1:1
# text = The ship sailed westward across the Atlantic.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sailed	sail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	westward	westward	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Atlantic	Atlantic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sail** | past | the ship |  |  | the Atlantic |  | westward *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent across atlantic=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sun moves westward across the sky during the day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:westward:x2:1
# text = The sun moves westward across the sky during the day.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	moves	move	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	westward	westward	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	during	during	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | present | the sun |  |  | the sky | day | westward *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme across sky=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pioneers travelled westward in covered wagons.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:westward:x3:1
# text = Pioneers travelled westward in covered wagons.
1	Pioneers	pioneer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	travelled	travel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	westward	westward	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	covered	covered	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	wagons	wagon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **travel** | past | Pioneers |  |  | covered wagons |  | westward *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wagon=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The storm is moving westward towards the coast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:westward:x4:1
# text = The storm is moving westward towards the coast.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	moving	move	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	westward	westward	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | present · progressive | the storm |  |  | the coast |  | westward *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme towards coast=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our garden has a westward view, so we see the sunset.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:westward:x5:1
# text = Our garden has a westward view, so we see the sunset.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	westward	westward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	view	view	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	sunset	sunset	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Our garden | a westward view |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent view=Patient |
| 2 | **see** | present | we |  |  |  | sunset |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Westward expansion forced many Native Americans off their land.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:westward:x6:1
# text = Westward expansion forced many Native Americans off their land.
1	Westward	westward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	expansion	expansion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	forced	force	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	Native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	Americans	American	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	off	off	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **force** | participle |  | Westward expansion *not said here* | many Native Americans |  |  | off Americans's land | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent american=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Turn westward at the old oak tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:westward:x7:1
# text = Turn westward at the old oak tree.
1	Turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	westward	westward	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	oak	oak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the old oak tree |  | westward *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme at tree=Trajectory |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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