---
title: westwards — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «westwards» in the school dictionary: Westwards means towards the west, the direction where the sun sets. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# westwards

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sun, ship, storm, Settlers, you, river · **What happens:** mean, set, sail, move, travel, walk · **To what, where:** Atlantic, westwards, wagons, sky, beach, cave

<!-- .vabout -->
«westwards» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [westwards in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/westwards.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Westwards means towards the west, the direction where the sun sets.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:westwards:m1:1
# text = Westwards means towards the west, the direction where the sun sets.
1	Westwards	westwards	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	west	west	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
9	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	12	advmod	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	sets	set	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | towards the west; westwards *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **set** | present | the sun |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ship sailed westwards across the Atlantic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:westwards:x1:1
# text = The ship sailed westwards across the Atlantic.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sailed	sail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	westwards	westwards	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Atlantic	Atlantic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sail** | past | the ship |  |  | the Atlantic |  | westwards *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent across atlantic=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The storm is moving westwards.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:westwards:x2:1
# text = The storm is moving westwards.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	moving	move	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	westwards	westwards	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | present · progressive | the storm |  |  |  |  | westwards *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Settlers travelled westwards in wagons.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:westwards:x3:1
# text = Settlers travelled westwards in wagons.
1	Settlers	settler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	travelled	travel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	westwards	westward	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	wagons	wagon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **travel** | past | Settlers | westwards |  | wagons |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme westward=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sun moves westwards across the sky during the day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:westwards:x4:1
# text = The sun moves westwards across the sky during the day.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	moves	move	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	westwards	westwards	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	during	during	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | present | the sun |  |  | the sky | day | westwards *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme across sky=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Walk westwards along the beach to find the cave.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:westwards:x5:1
# text = Walk westwards along the beach to find the cave.
1	Walk	walk	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	westwards	westwards	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	along	along	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the beach |  | westwards *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along beach=Trajectory |
| 2 | **find** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the cave |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cave=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The river flows westwards to the sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:westwards:x6:1
# text = The river flows westwards to the sea.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flows	flow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	westwards	westwards	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flow** | present | the river |  |  |  |  | to the sea; westwards *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then one of the feathers flew eastwards, another westwards, but the third went straight up towards the sky, though it only sped a short distance before falling to earth.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:westwards:x7:1
# text = Then one of the feathers flew eastwards, another westwards, but the third went straight up towards the sky, though it only sped a short distance before falling to earth.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
2	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	feathers	feather	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	eastwards	eastward	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	conj	_	_
10	westwards	westwards	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	third	third	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	15	nsubj	_	_
15	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
16	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	up	up	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
18	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
23	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
24	only	only	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	sped	speed	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
29	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
30	falling	fall	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	25	advcl	_	_
31	to	to	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | past | one of the feathers | eastwards |  |  | then |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location eastward=Theme |
| 2 | **go** | past | the third |  |  | the sky |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme towards sky=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **speed** | past | sky | a short distance |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location distance=Theme |
| 4 | **fall** | gerund | sky *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to earth | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to earth=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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