---
title: whip — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «whip» in the school dictionary: A whip is a long thin rope or strip of leather with a handle, used to hit animals or, in the past, people. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# whip

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** whip, cream, She, person, members, you · **What happens:** be, use, hit, whip, mean, beat · **To what, where:** long thin rope, animals, cream, something, phone, person · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«whip» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [whip in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/whip.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A whip is a long thin rope or strip of leather with a handle, used to hit animals or, in the past, people.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whip:m1:1
# text = A whip is a long thin rope or strip of leather with a handle, used to hit animals or, in the past, people.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	whip	whip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	rope	rope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	strip	strip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	handle	handle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	parataxis	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	hit	hit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	advcl	_	_
19	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a whip | a long thin rope or strip of leather with a handle |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **hit** | to-infinitive |  | animals or the past and people |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme animal=Co-Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To whip means to hit with a whip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whip:m2:1
# text = To whip means to hit with a whip.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	whip	whip	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	hit	hit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	whip	whip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **whip** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-1-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **hit** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with a whip | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V PP PP»: agent=Agent with whip=Instrument |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To whip cream or eggs means to beat them fast until they are thick and fluffy.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whip:m3:1
# text = To whip cream or eggs means to beat them fast until they are thick and fluffy.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	whip	whip	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	beat	beat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
11	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	advcl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	fluffy	fluffy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **whip** | to-infinitive |  | cream or eggs |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent cream=Material |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **beat** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | cream |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location they=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | present | cream |  |  |  |  | thick *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** |  | cream *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To whip means to move or take something very fast: «She whipped out her phone.».

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whip:m4:1
# text = To whip means to move or take something very fast: «She whipped out her phone.».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	whip	whip	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	_
9	very	very	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	whipped	whip	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
15	out	out	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
16	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **whip** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-1-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **move** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **take** | infinitive |  | something |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 5 | **whip out** *in a quote* | past | She | her phone |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent phone=Material |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: politics — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A whip is a person in parliament who makes sure members of their party vote.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whip:m5:1
# text = A whip is a person in parliament who makes sure members of their party vote.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	whip	whip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	parliament	parliament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	sure	sure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	members	member	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
14	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	vote	vote	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a whip | a person |  | parliament |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | a person | sure members of members's party vote |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent member=Product |
| 3 | **vote** |  | members *= member* |  |  |  |  |  | nom vote «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: slang, US — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A whip can mean a car.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whip:m6:1
# text = A whip can mean a car.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	whip	whip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | a whip | a car |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent car=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Whip the cream until it is stiff.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whip:x1:1
# text = Whip the cream until it is stiff.
1	Whip	whip	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **whip** | imperative | you *not said here* | the cream |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent cream=Material |
| 2 | **is** | present | cream |  |  |  |  | stiff *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He whipped round to see who was there.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whip:x2:1
# text = He whipped round to see who was there.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	whipped	whip	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	round	round	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **whip** | past | He |  |  |  |  | round *property* | vn shake-22.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | there *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The circus trainer cracked his whip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whip:x3:1
# text = The circus trainer cracked his whip.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	circus	circus	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	trainer	trainer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	cracked	crack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	whip	whip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crack** | past | the circus trainer | trainer's whip |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location whip=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Let's have a whip-round for the teacher's present.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whip:x4:1
# text = Let's have a whip-round for the teacher's present.
1	Let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	whip	whip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	round	round	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	present	present	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* | 's |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | infinitive | 's *not said here* | a whip round |  |  |  | for the teacher's present | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent round=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum whipped up a quick lunch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whip:x5:1
# text = Mum whipped up a quick lunch.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	whipped	whip	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	quick	quick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **whip up** | past | Mum | a quick lunch |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent lunch=Material |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Prisoners were whipped in the past.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whip:x6:1
# text = Prisoners were whipped in the past.
1	Prisoners	prisoner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	whipped	whip	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **whip** | past · passive |  | Prisoners |  | the past |  |  | vn spank-18.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Patient in past=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The whip lay on his lap.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whip:x7:1
# text = The whip lay on his lap.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	whip	whip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	lap	lap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | past | the whip |  |  | his lap |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on lap=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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