---
title: whipping — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «whipping» in the school dictionary: A whipping is a punishment of being hit with a whip; it is cruel and now banned in most places. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# whipping

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** whipping, sailors, team, wind, you, whipping boy · **What happens:** be, hit, ban, beat, make, whip · **To what, where:** punishment, most places, heavy defeat, game, cream, verb form · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«whipping» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [whipping in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/whipping.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A whipping is a punishment of being hit with a whip; it is cruel and now banned in most places.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whipping:m1:1
# text = A whipping is a punishment of being hit with a whip; it is cruel and now banned in most places.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	whipping	whipping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	punishment	punishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	hit	hit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	whip	whip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	parataxis	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	18	advmod	_	_
18	banned	ban	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	conj	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	21	amod	_	_
21	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a whipping | a punishment |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hit** | gerund · passive |  | a punishment *not said here* |  |  |  | with a whip | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V PP PP»: with whip=Instrument |
| 3 | **is** | present | whipping |  |  |  |  | cruel *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **ban** | participle | whipping *not said here* |  |  | most places | now |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Causer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A whipping is a heavy defeat in a game.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whipping:m2:1
# text = A whipping is a heavy defeat in a game.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	whipping	whipping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	defeat	defeat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a whipping | a heavy defeat |  | a game |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Whipping is beating cream or eggs fast to make them thick and fluffy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whipping:m3:1
# text = Whipping is beating cream or eggs fast to make them thick and fluffy.
1	Whipping	whipping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	beating	beat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	fluffy	fluffy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **beat** | present · progressive | Whipping | cream or eggs |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location cream=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | Whipping *not said here* | cream |  |  |  | thick *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Whipping (verb form) can mean moving fast and suddenly, like wind whipping.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whipping:m4:1
# text = Whipping (verb form) can mean moving fast and suddenly, like wind whipping.
1	Whipping	whip	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	4	punct	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	moving	move	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	xcomp	_	_
9	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	whipping	whipping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **whip** | gerund |  | verb form |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent form=Material |
| 2 | **mean** | can | Whipping |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **move** *not said to happen* | gerund | Whipping *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like wind whipping; fast *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the past, sailors could get a whipping as punishment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whipping:x1:1
# text = In the past, sailors could get a whipping as punishment.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	sailors	sailor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
6	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	whipping	whipping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	punishment	punishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | could | sailors | a whipping |  | the past |  | as punishment | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer whipping=Stimulus as punishment=Attribute |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Whipping cream makes it thick and fluffy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whipping:x2:1
# text = Whipping cream makes it thick and fluffy.
1	Whipping	whip	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	fluffy	fluffy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **whip** | gerund |  | cream |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent cream=Material |
| 2 | **make** | present | Whipping | cream |  |  |  | thick *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our team got a whipping, 6–0.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whipping:x3:1
# text = Our team got a whipping, 6–0.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	whipping	whipping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	–	–	SYM	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	9	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	0	0	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | Our team | a whipping |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer whipping=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wind was whipping my hair across my face.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whipping:x4:1
# text = The wind was whipping my hair across my face.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	whipping	whip	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	across	across	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **whip** | past · progressive | the wind | my hair |  | my face |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent hair=Material |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Buy whipping cream for the trifle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whipping:x5:1
# text = Buy whipping cream for the trifle.
1	Buy	buy	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	whipping	whip	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	xcomp	_	_
3	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	trifle	trifle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **whip** | gerund | you *not said here* | cream |  |  |  | for the trifle | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent cream=Material |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A whipping boy is someone blamed for other people's mistakes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whipping:x6:1
# text = A whipping boy is someone blamed for other people's mistakes.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	whipping	whipping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
6	blamed	blame	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	mistakes	mistake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a whipping boy | someone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **blame** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | for other people's mistakes | vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent for mistake=Attribute |
| 3 | **mistake** |  | other people |  |  |  |  |  | nom mistake «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I say,” repeated Geppetto, “or I’ll give you a sound whipping when I get in.”

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whipping:x7:1
# text = I say,” repeated Geppetto, “or I’ll give you a sound whipping when I get in.”
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
5	repeated	repeat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	Geppetto	Geppetto	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	’ll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	iobj	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	whipping	whip	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	acl	_	_
17	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	19	advmod	_	_
18	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	advcl	_	_
20	in	in	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **repeat** *in a quote* | past |  | Geppetto |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent geppetto=Eventuality |
| 3 | **give** | future | I | a sound | you |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient sound=Theme |
| 4 | **whip** | gerund | a sound *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-1-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **get in** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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