---
title: whisky — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «whisky» in the school dictionary: A strong alcoholic drink made from grain such as barley, made especially in Scotland, Ireland, Canada and the USA. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# whisky

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Scotland, Grandad, Whisky, distillery, He, Irish people · **What happens:** make, be, keep, order, spell, say · **To what, where:** strong alcoholic drink, grain, Scotland, whisky, bottle, you · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«whisky» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [whisky in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/whisky.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A strong alcoholic drink made from grain such as barley, made especially in Scotland, Ireland, Canada and the USA.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whisky:m1:1
# text = A strong alcoholic drink made from grain such as barley, made especially in Scotland, Ireland, Canada and the USA.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	alcoholic	alcoholic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	grain	grain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	10	case	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	barley	barley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
13	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | a strong alcoholic drink *not said here* |  | grain such barley |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from grain=Material |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a strong alcoholic drink *not said here* |  | Scotland and Ireland and Canada and the USA |  | especially *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a whisky — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A glass of this drink.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whisky:m2:1
# text = A glass of this drink.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scotland is famous for making whisky.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whisky:x1:1
# text = Scotland is famous for making whisky.
1	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	whisky	whisky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Scotland |  |  |  |  | famous *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | gerund | Scotland *not said here* | whisky |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset whisky=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad keeps a bottle of whisky for special guests.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whisky:x2:1
# text = Grandad keeps a bottle of whisky for special guests.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bottle	bottle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	whisky	whisky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	guests	guest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | Grandad | a bottle of whisky |  |  |  | for special guests | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bottle=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Whisky is far too strong for children and can make you very ill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whisky:x3:1
# text = Whisky is far too strong for children and can make you very ill.
1	Whisky	Whisky	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	very	very	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Whisky |  |  |  |  | for children; far, strong *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | can | Whisky *not said here* | you |  |  |  | ill *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset you=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The distillery makes whisky from barley and water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whisky:x4:1
# text = The distillery makes whisky from barley and water.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	distillery	distillery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	whisky	whisky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	barley	barley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | the distillery | whisky |  | barley and water |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset whisky=Product from barley=Material |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He ordered a whisky at the hotel bar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whisky:x5:1
# text = He ordered a whisky at the hotel bar.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ordered	order	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	whisky	whisky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	hotel	hotel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	bar	bar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **order** | past | He | a whisky |  | the hotel bar |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent whisky=Theme at bar=Asset |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Irish people spell it whiskey.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whisky:x6:1
# text = Irish people spell it whiskey.
1	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spell	spell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	whiskey	whiskey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spell** | present | Irish people | it |  |  |  |  | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme whiskey=Manner |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘That was no bad whisky neither,’ says Maurice, handing back the empty bottle.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whisky:x7:1
# text = ‘That was no bad whisky neither,’ says Maurice, handing back the empty bottle.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
5	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	whisky	whisky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	ccomp	_	_
7	neither	neither	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
10	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	Maurice	Maurice	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	handing	hand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
14	back	back	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	bottle	bottle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | That | no bad whisky |  |  |  | neither *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Maurice |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **hand back** | gerund | Maurice *not said here* | the empty bottle |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bottle=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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