---
title: whitewashed — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «whitewashed» in the school dictionary: Painted with whitewash, a cheap white paint of lime and water used on walls. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# whitewashed

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** whitewashed report, Mole, cottage, Tom · **What happens:** paint, use, cover up, whitewash, hide, mean · **To what, where:** cheap white paint, walls, mistakes, game, series, whitewashed walls

<!-- .vabout -->
«whitewashed» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [whitewashed in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/whitewashed.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Painted with whitewash, a cheap white paint of lime and water used on walls.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whitewashed:m1:1
# text = Painted with whitewash, a cheap white paint of lime and water used on walls.
1	Painted	paint	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	whitewash	whitewash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	cheap	cheap	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	paint	paint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	lime	lime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
13	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paint** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with whitewash and a cheap white paint of lime and water | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent with whitewash=Theme |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | a cheap white paint of lime and water *not said here* |  | walls |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: figurative — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Covered up: a whitewashed report hides mistakes or wrongdoing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whitewashed:m2:1
# text = Covered up: a whitewashed report hides mistakes or wrongdoing.
1	Covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	advcl	_	_
2	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	whitewashed	whitewash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	report	report	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	hides	hide	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	mistakes	mistake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	wrongdoing	wrongdoing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover up** | participle | a whitewashed report *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **whitewash** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **hide** | present | a whitewashed report | mistakes or wrongdoing |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mistake=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: sport, UK informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
to be whitewashed means to lose every game in a series.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whitewashed:m3:1
# text = to be whitewashed means to lose every game in a series.
1	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
2	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	whitewashed	whitewash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	nsubj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	lose	lose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	series	series	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **whitewash** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination» |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **lose** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | every game |  | a series |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mole was whitewashing the walls of his home.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whitewashed:x1:1
# text = Mole was whitewashing the walls of his home.
1	Mole	Mole	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	whitewashing	whitewash	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **whitewash** | past · progressive | Mole | the walls of Mole's home |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent wall=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cottage had whitewashed walls and a red door.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whitewashed:x2:1
# text = The cottage had whitewashed walls and a red door.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cottage	cottage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	whitewashed	whitewash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the cottage | whitewashed walls and a red door |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wall=Patient |
| 2 | **whitewash** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tom Sawyer got his friends to whitewash the fence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whitewashed:x3:1
# text = Tom Sawyer got his friends to whitewash the fence.
1	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Sawyer	Sawyer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	whitewash	whitewash	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | Tom | Tom's friends |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer friend=Stimulus |
| 2 | **whitewash** | to-infinitive | Tom *not said here* | the fence |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent fence=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The report was whitewashed to hide the mistakes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whitewashed:x4:1
# text = The report was whitewashed to hide the mistakes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	report	report	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	whitewashed	whitewash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	hide	hide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	mistakes	mistake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **whitewash** | past · passive |  | the report |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination |
| 2 | **hide** | to-infinitive |  | the mistakes |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mistake=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
England were whitewashed 5–0 in the series.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whitewashed:x5:1
# text = England were whitewashed 5–0 in the series.
1	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	whitewashed	whitewash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	–	–	SYM	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	6	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	0	0	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	series	series	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **whitewash** | past · passive |  | England |  | the series |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The whitewashed houses shone in the sun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whitewashed:x6:1
# text = The whitewashed houses shone in the sun.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	whitewashed	whitewash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	shone	shine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **whitewash** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **shine** | participle |  | the whitewashed houses *not said here* |  | the sun. |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sun.=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the forest by the river Gudenau, not far from the heath, and beneath the ridge of land, stood the little farm, newly painted and whitewashed.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whitewashed:x7:1
# text = In the forest by the river Gudenau, not far from the heath, and beneath the ridge of land, stood the little farm, newly painted and whitewashed.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	Gudenau	Gudenau	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	13	advmod	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	heath	heath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	ridge	ridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
22	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	newly	newly	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
28	painted	paint	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	parataxis	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	whitewashed	whitewash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	22	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past |  | the little farm |  | the forest by the river Gudenau and the heath and the ridge of land |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent farm=Theme in forest=Destination |
| 2 | **paint** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | newly *property* | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **whitewash** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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