---
title: whiting — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «whiting» in the school dictionary: A small sea fish of the cod family, with white flesh, found in the seas around Europe; it is eaten as food. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# whiting

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** small sea fish, We, snail, whiting, fisherman, George · **What happens:** find, eat, be, use, fry, walk · **To what, where:** white flesh, seas, flesh, ground white chalk, whiting, seaside · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«whiting» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [whiting in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/whiting.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small sea fish of the cod family, with white flesh, found in the seas around Europe; it is eaten as food.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whiting:m1:1
# text = A small sea fish of the cod family, with white flesh, found in the seas around Europe; it is eaten as food.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	cod	cod	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	flesh	flesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	seas	sea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
18	around	around	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
24	as	as	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | participle |  | white flesh *not said here* |  | the seas around Europe |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **eat** | present · passive | a small sea fish of the cod family and white flesh *not said here* | flesh |  |  |  | as food | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: also other fish called whiting in the USA and Australia — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
a name for several kinds of small white-fleshed sea fish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whiting:m2:1
# text = a name for several kinds of small white-fleshed sea fish.
1	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	kinds	kind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
7	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
8	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	fleshed	flesh	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | of small white sea fish | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Finely ground white chalk used for whitewash, paint and cleaning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whiting:m3:1
# text = Finely ground white chalk used for whitewash, paint and cleaning.
1	Finely	finely	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	chalk	chalk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	whitewash	whitewash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	paint	paint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	cleaning	cleaning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  | ground white chalk *not said here* |  |  |  | for whitewash and paint and cleaning | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We had fried whiting and chips at the seaside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whiting:x1:1
# text = We had fried whiting and chips at the seaside.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	fried	fry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	whiting	whiting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	chips	chip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	seaside	seaside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fry** | past · perfect | We | whiting and chips |  | the seaside |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent whiting=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Will you walk a little faster?» said a whiting to a snail.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whiting:x2:1
# text = «Will you walk a little faster?» said a whiting to a snail.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	ccomp	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	obl	_	_
7	faster	fast	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	whiting	whiting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	snail	snail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** *in a quote* | future | a snail *= snail* |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | a whiting |  | a snail |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to snail=Recipient clause=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fisherman caught three whiting off the pier.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whiting:x3:1
# text = The fisherman caught three whiting off the pier.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fisherman	fisherman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	caught	catch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	obj	_	_
5	whiting	white	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	off	off	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	pier	pier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **catch** | past | the fisherman | three |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent three=Theme |
| 2 | **white** | gerund | the fisherman *not said here* |  |  |  |  | off the pier | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Wonderland, the whiting does the boots and shoes under the sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whiting:x4:1
# text = In Wonderland, the whiting does the boots and shoes under the sea.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Wonderland	Wonderland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	whiting	whiting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	boots	boot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	under	under	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present | the whiting | the boots and shoes |  | Wonderland |  | under the sea | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boot=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
King George whiting is a favourite fish in South Australia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whiting:x5:1
# text = King George whiting is a favourite fish in South Australia.
1	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod:desc	_	_
2	George	George	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	whiting	whiting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	favourite	favourite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | George  King | a favourite fish |  | South Australia |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Old cottages were painted with whiting mixed with water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whiting:x6:1
# text = Old cottages were painted with whiting mixed with water.
1	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	cottages	cottage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	painted	paint	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	whiting	whiting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	mixed	mix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paint** | past · passive |  | Old cottages |  |  |  | with whiting | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: subject=Destination with whiting=Theme |
| 2 | **mix** | participle |  | whiting *not said here* |  |  |  | with water | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient with water=Co-Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Those are scaly animals" said a little slimy Whiting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:whiting:x7:1
# text = "Those are scaly animals" said a little slimy Whiting.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	scaly	scaly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	slimy	slimy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	Whiting	whiting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present |  | that scaly animals |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | that scaly animals |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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