---
title: who — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «who» in the school dictionary: Who asks about a person: «Who is at the door?». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# who

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, girl, something, it, nobody, think rude put downs · **What happens:** ask, be, tell, name, win, belong · **To what, where:** door, more, person, friend, it, you · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«who» in the school dictionary: its 7 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [who in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/who.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who asks about a person: «Who is at the door?».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:who:m1:1
# text = Who asks about a person: «Who is at the door?».
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	asks	ask	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | present |  |  |  |  |  | about a person | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V PP.topic whether S»: agent=Agent about person=Topic |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | a person |  |  | the door |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who tells more about a person just named: «The girl who won is my friend».

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:who:m2:1
# text = Who tells more about a person just named: «The girl who won is my friend».
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	obj	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	just	just	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	named	name	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
13	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present |  | more |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent more=Recipient |
| 2 | **name** | participle |  | a person *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **win** *in a quote* | past | the girl |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | the girl | my friend |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Whom is who when it is the one something is done to: «to whom».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:who:m3:1
# text = Whom is who when it is the one something is done to: «to whom».
1	Whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	obj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present · passive |  | it |  |  |  | do *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Whose asks or tells who something belongs to.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:who:m4:1
# text = Whose asks or tells who something belongs to.
1	Whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	asks	ask	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	obl	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nsubj	_	_
7	belongs	belong	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **belong** | present | something |  |  |  |  |  | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Who cares?» means it does not matter; «who knows?» means nobody knows.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:who:m5:1
# text = «Who cares?» means it does not matter; «who knows?» means nobody knows.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cares	care	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	csubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	matter	matter	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	knows	know	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	csubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
17	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
18	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	19	nsubj	_	_
19	knows	know	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **care** *in a quote* | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **matter** | present · do-support | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus |
| 4 | **know** *in a quote* | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 6 | **know** | present | nobody |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: rude — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Who do you think you are?» and «who asked you?» are rude put-downs.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:who:m6:1
# text = «Who do you think you are?» and «who asked you?» are rude put-downs.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
3	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	compound	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
14	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
18	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
19	put	put	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	downs	down	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* *in a quote* | present · do-support | think rude put downs |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **does** *in a quote* | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **ask** *speech: ask* *in a quote* | past |  |  | you |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient |
| 4 | **is a** | present |  | think rude put downs |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 7 {#m7}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Exams and letters use «whom», «to whom it may concern», «whosoever» and «the party who».

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:who:m7:1
# text = Exams and letters use «whom», «to whom it may concern», «whosoever» and «the party who».
1	Exams	exam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	14	obl	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	concern	concern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	whosoever	whosoever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	14	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
24	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	23	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Exams and letters |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **concern** *in a quote* | may | it |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Today's lesson: Who gives to whom?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:who:x1:1
# text = Today's lesson: Who gives to whom?
1	Today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | Today's lesson |  | Today's lesson |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to whom=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who has more marbles, Ben or Lily?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:who:x2:1
# text = Who has more marbles, Ben or Lily?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	marbles	marble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	Lily	Lily	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present |  | more marbles |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent marble=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who is the 5th in the line?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:who:x3:1
# text = Who is the 5th in the line?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	5th	5th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  | the line |  | 5th *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who wants another slice of pizza?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:who:x4:1
# text = Who wants another slice of pizza?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wants	want	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
4	slice	slice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	pizza	pizza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | present |  | another slice of pizza |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot slice=Theme |
| 2 | **slice** |  |  | pizza |  |  |  |  | nom slice «possession transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The boy who sits next to me is called Sam.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:who:x5:1
# text = The boy who sits next to me is called Sam.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sits	sit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	next	next	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | present | the boy |  | me |  |  | next *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **call** | present · passive |  | the boy |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Whose coat is this?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:who:x6:1
# text = Whose coat is this?
1	Whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | this |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ask a grown-up who you trust.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:who:x7:1
# text = Ask a grown-up who you trust.
1	Ask	ask	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	grown	grown	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	trust	trust	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | imperative | you *not said here* | a grown |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent grown=Recipient |
| 2 | **trust** | present | a grown |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
who's coming tmrw? me, u, jake = 3

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:who:x8:1
# text = who's coming tmrw? me, u, jake = 3
1	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	coming	come	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	tmrw	tmrw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
6	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	u	you	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	jake	jake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
11	=	=	SYM	SYM	_	12	case	_	_
12	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present · progressive |  | tmrw |  |  |  | me *obl* | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location tmrw=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who cares if it's 12 or 13, just eat 'em.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:who:x9:1
# text = Who cares if it's 12 or 13, just eat 'em.
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cares	care	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	13	13	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	just	just	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	eat	eat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
12	'em	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **care** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is a** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | it | 12 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **eat** | infinitive |  | 'em *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who asked you? Mind your own business.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Who asked you?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:who:x10:1
# text = Who asked you?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past |  |  | you |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Mind your own business.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:who:x10:2
# text = Mind your own business.
1	Mind	mind	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	business	business	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mind** | imperative | you *not said here* | your own business |  |  |  |  | vn caring-75.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent business=Theme |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the party to whom the greater number of items was transferred.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:who:x11:1
# text = Identify the party to whom the greater number of items was transferred.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	1	obl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	items	item	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	transferred	transfer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the party |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent party=Theme to whom=be' |
| 2 | **transfer** | past · passive |  | the greater number of items |  |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2-2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who knows how many stars there are?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:who:x12:1
# text = Who knows how many stars there are?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	knows	know	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
6	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	7	expl	_	_
7	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **does** | present | many stars |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Who's there?" asked the old lady.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:who:x13:1
# text = "Who's there?" asked the old lady.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	lady	lady	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present |  |  |  |  |  | there *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past |  |  | the old lady |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent lady=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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