---
title: wholesale — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «wholesale» in the school dictionary: Selling goods in large amounts to shops and businesses, who then sell them on to customers at a higher price. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# wholesale

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** shop, wholesale price, Grandad, storm, new head teacher, Buying · **What happens:** sell, sell on, do, buy, be, run · **To what, where:** goods, shops, large amounts, customers, higher price, large scale

<!-- .vabout -->
«wholesale» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [wholesale in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/wholesale.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: money — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Selling goods in large amounts to shops and businesses, who then sell them on to customers at a higher price.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wholesale:m1:1
# text = Selling goods in large amounts to shops and businesses, who then sell them on to customers at a higher price.
1	Selling	sell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	1	obj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	amounts	amount	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	shops	shop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	businesses	business	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
12	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	13	advmod	_	_
13	sell	sell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	customers	customer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
18	at	at	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	21	amod	_	_
21	price	price	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | gerund |  | goods | shops and businesses | large amounts |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent goods=Theme to shop=Recipient |
| 2 | **sell on** | present |  | goods | customers | a higher price | then |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.asset»: agent=Agent they=Theme to customer=Recipient at price=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective, money — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To do with such selling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wholesale:m2:1
# text = To do with such selling.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	selling	selling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with such selling | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"wholesale prices".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wholesale:m2e:1
# text = "wholesale prices".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	wholesale	wholesale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	prices	price	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Done on a very large scale, often too much and without care.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wholesale:m3:1
# text = Done on a very large scale, often too much and without care.
1	Done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	scale	scale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	often	often	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	too	too	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	parataxis	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	without	without	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | participle |  |  |  | a large scale |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"wholesale destruction".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wholesale:m3e:1
# text = "wholesale destruction".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	wholesale	wholesale	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	destruction	destruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adverb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In large amounts, or completely.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wholesale:m4:1
# text = In large amounts, or completely.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	amounts	amount	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shop buys its sweets wholesale and sells them one by one.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wholesale:x1:1
# text = The shop buys its sweets wholesale and sells them one by one.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	buys	buy	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	wholesale	wholesale	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	sells	sell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	obj	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | present | the shop | shop's sweets |  |  |  | wholesale *property* | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sweet=Theme |
| 2 | **sell** | present | the shop *not said here* | sweets *= sweet* |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient one=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wholesale price of a pen was 20p, and the shop sold it for 50p.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wholesale:x2:1
# text = The wholesale price of a pen was 20p, and the shop sold it for 50p.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	wholesale	wholesale	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	price	price	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pen	pen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	p	p	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	sold	sell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	50	50	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	p	p	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the wholesale price of a pen | 20 p |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sell** | past | the shop | price |  |  |  | for 50 p | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent it=Theme for p=Asset |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad runs a wholesale fruit business.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wholesale:x3:1
# text = Grandad runs a wholesale fruit business.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	runs	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	wholesale	wholesale	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	business	business	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | present | Grandad | a wholesale fruit business |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme business=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The storm caused wholesale damage to the forest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wholesale:x4:1
# text = The storm caused wholesale damage to the forest.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	wholesale	wholesale	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	damage	damage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | past | the storm | wholesale damage |  |  |  | to the forest | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition damage=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new head teacher made wholesale changes to the timetable.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wholesale:x5:1
# text = The new head teacher made wholesale changes to the timetable.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	wholesale	wholesale	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	changes	change	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	timetable	timetable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the new head teacher | wholesale changes |  |  |  | to the timetable | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent change=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Buying wholesale is cheaper because you buy a lot at once.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wholesale:x6:1
# text = Buying wholesale is cheaper because you buy a lot at once.
1	Buying	buy	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	wholesale	wholesale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	cheaper	cheap	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	buy	buy	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | gerund |  | wholesale |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wholesale=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | Buying |  |  |  |  | cheap *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **buy** | present | you | a lot |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent lot=Theme at once=Asset |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then came the mother herself, in crinoline, Madame AUGUST, a wholesale dealer in fruit, proprietress of a large number of fish ponds and a land cultivator.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wholesale:x7:1
# text = Then came the mother herself, in crinoline, Madame AUGUST, a wholesale dealer in fruit, proprietress of a large number of fish ponds and a land cultivator.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	herself	herself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	crinoline	crinoline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	Madame	Madame	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	AUGUST	AUGUST	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	wholesale	wholesale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	dealer	dealer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	proprietress	proprietress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	ponds	pond	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	cultivator	cultivator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | the mother | mother |  |  | then |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [wholemeal](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/W/wholemeal/)
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- ↑ back to [W in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/W/)