---
title: wilting — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «wilting» in the school dictionary: Drooping and going soft because of not enough water, too much heat, or being picked: a wilting flower bends and its leaves hang down. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# wilting

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** wilting flower bends, children, smile, Her, sunflowers, we · **What happens:** droop, go, pick, wilt, hang down, get · **To what, where:** much heat, sun., confidence, water, wilting basil, experiment

<!-- .vabout -->
«wilting» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [wilting in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/wilting.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Drooping and going soft because of not enough water, too much heat, or being picked: a wilting flower bends and its leaves hang down.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wilting:m1:1
# text = Drooping and going soft because of not enough water, too much heat, or being picked: a wilting flower bends and its leaves hang down.
1	Drooping	droop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
4	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	9	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
8	enough	enough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	too	too	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	picked	pick	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
20	wilting	wilt	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	22	amod	_	_
21	flower	flower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	bends	bend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nsubj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	_
26	hang	hang	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	advcl	_	_
27	down	down	ADP	RP	_	26	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **droop** | gerund |  | much heat |  |  |  | because enough water | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **go** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | soft *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **pick** | gerund · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **wilt** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **hang down** | present | a wilting flower bends and heat's leaves |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: of a person — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Getting tired, weak or less lively, especially in heat: «The children were wilting in the sun.».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wilting:m2:1
# text = Getting tired, weak or less lively, especially in heat: «The children were wilting in the sun.».
1	Getting	get	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	csubj	_	_
2	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	7	advmod	_	_
7	lively	lively	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
16	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	wilting	wilt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	parataxis	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | tired *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **wilt** *in a quote* | past · progressive | the children |  |  | the sun. |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Losing confidence or energy: «Her smile was wilting.».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wilting:m3:1
# text = Losing confidence or energy: «Her smile was wilting.».
1	Losing	lose	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
2	confidence	confidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	smile	smile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	wilting	wilt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | gerund | Her smile *not said here* | confidence or energy |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent confidence=Eventuality |
| 2 | **wilt** *in a quote* | past · progressive | Her smile |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **smile** *in a quote* |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom smile «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sunflowers were wilting because we forgot to water them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wilting:x1:1
# text = The sunflowers were wilting because we forgot to water them.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sunflowers	sunflower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	wilting	wilt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	forgot	forget	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wilt** | past · progressive | the sunflowers |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **forget** | past | we | water  sunflowers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After an hour in the heat, the football team was wilting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wilting:x2:1
# text = After an hour in the heat, the football team was wilting.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	wilting	wilt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wilt** | past · progressive | the football team |  |  |  | hour |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lettuce in the fridge drawer was wilting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wilting:x3:1
# text = The lettuce in the fridge drawer was wilting.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lettuce	lettuce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	fridge	fridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	drawer	drawer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	wilting	wilt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wilt** | past · progressive | the lettuce in the fridge drawer |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We watered the wilting basil and it stood up again by evening.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wilting:x4:1
# text = We watered the wilting basil and it stood up again by evening.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	watered	water	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	wilting	wilt	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	basil	basil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	up	up	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	again	again	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **water** | past | We | the wilting basil |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent basil=Destination |
| 2 | **wilt** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **stand up** | past | basil |  |  |  | again; evening |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bunch of roses had been wilting for days.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wilting:x5:1
# text = The bunch of roses had been wilting for days.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bunch	bunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	roses	rose	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	aux	_	_
7	wilting	wilt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wilt** | past · perfect · progressive | the bunch of roses |  |  |  | day |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In our experiment, the plant without water started wilting first.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wilting:x6:1
# text = In our experiment, the plant without water started wilting first.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	experiment	experiment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	without	without	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	wilting	wilt	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	xcomp	_	_
11	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | past | the plant without water |  |  | our experiment |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **wilt** | gerund | the plant without water *not said here* |  |  |  |  | first *property* | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **experiment** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom experiment «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By the last lap I was wilting like an old daisy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wilting:x7:1
# text = By the last lap I was wilting like an old daisy.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	lap	lap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	wilting	wilt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	daisy	daisy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wilt** | past · progressive | I |  |  |  |  | by the last lap; like a old daisy | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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