---
title: winch — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «winch» in the school dictionary: A machine with a rope or a chain wound round a turning drum, used to lift or pull heavy things. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# winch

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** helicopter, We, tow truck, sailors, old winch, handle · **What happens:** use, lift, pull, go out, winch, build · **To what, where:** machine, heavy things, something, climber, winch, cotton reel

<!-- .vabout -->
«winch» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [winch in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/winch.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A machine with a rope or a chain wound round a turning drum, used to lift or pull heavy things.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:winch:m1:1
# text = A machine with a rope or a chain wound round a turning drum, used to lift or pull heavy things.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	rope	rope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	wound	wound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
10	round	round	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	turning	turning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	drum	drum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
15	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	lift	lift	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	pull	pull	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	conj	_	_
20	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle · passive |  | a machine with a rope or a chain wound round a turning drum |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Theme clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **lift** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **pull** | infinitive |  | heavy things |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To lift or pull something with a winch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:winch:m2:1
# text = To lift or pull something with a winch.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	lift	lift	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	pull	pull	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	winch	winch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **pull** | infinitive |  | something |  |  |  | with a winch | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb, Scotland, informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To go out with someone as a boyfriend or girlfriend; a different, Scots sense.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:winch:m3:1
# text = To go out with someone as a boyfriend or girlfriend; a different, Scots sense.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	boyfriend	boyfriend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	girlfriend	girlfriend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	Scots	Scot	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	16	compound	_	_
16	sense	sense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go out** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with someone; out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with someone=Co-Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The helicopter winched the climber to safety.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:winch:x1:1
# text = The helicopter winched the climber to safety.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	helicopter	helicopter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	winched	winch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	climber	climber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	safety	safety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **winch** | past | the helicopter | the climber |  |  |  | to safety | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We built a winch from a cotton reel and a pencil.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:winch:x2:1
# text = We built a winch from a cotton reel and a pencil.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	winch	winch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	cotton	cotton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	reel	reel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	pencil	pencil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | We | a winch |  | a cotton reel and a pencil |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent winch=Product from reel=Material |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tow truck used its winch to pull the car out of the mud.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:winch:x3:1
# text = The tow truck used its winch to pull the car out of the mud.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	tow	tow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	truck	truck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	winch	winch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	pull	pull	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	out	out	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | the tow truck | truck's winch |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent winch=Patient |
| 2 | **pull** | to-infinitive | the tow truck *not said here* | the car |  | the mud |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent car=Theme out mud=Initial\_Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sailors winched up the anchor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:winch:x4:1
# text = The sailors winched up the anchor.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sailors	sailor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	winched	winch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	anchor	anchor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **winch up** | past | the sailors | the anchor |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An old winch lifted the bucket out of the well.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:winch:x5:1
# text = An old winch lifted the bucket out of the well.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	winch	winch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	lifted	lift	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bucket	bucket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	well	well	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift** | past | a old winch | the bucket |  | the well |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent bucket=Theme out well=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bigger the handle on a winch, the easier it is to turn.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:winch:x6:1
# text = The bigger the handle on a winch, the easier it is to turn.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	advcl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	handle	handle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	winch	winch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	easier	easy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | handle |  |  |  |  | turn *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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