---
title: windmill — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «windmill» in the school dictionary: A windmill is a building with large sails that the wind turns to grind grain or pump water. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# windmill

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** windmill, wind, modern tall tower, paper blades, Netherlands, modern windmills · **What happens:** be, turn, grind, pump, make, spin · **To what, where:** building, large sails, grain, water, modern tall tower, electricity

<!-- .vabout -->
«windmill» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [windmill in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/windmill.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A windmill is a building with large sails that the wind turns to grind grain or pump water.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:windmill:m1:1
# text = A windmill is a building with large sails that the wind turns to grind grain or pump water.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	windmill	windmill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	sails	sail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	grind	grind	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	grain	grain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	pump	pump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	_
18	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a windmill | a building |  |  |  | with large sails | tree rules |
| 2 | **turn** | present | the wind | large sails |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **grind** | to-infinitive | the wind *not said here* | grain |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grain=Patient |
| 4 | **pump** | infinitive | the wind *not said here* | water |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent water=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A windmill is also a modern tall tower with blades that makes electricity (more exactly a wind turbine).

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:windmill:m2:1
# text = A windmill is also a modern tall tower with blades that makes electricity (more exactly a wind turbine).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	windmill	windmill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	tower	tower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	blades	blade	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
13	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	12	advmod	_	_
16	exactly	exactly	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	turbine	turbine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a windmill | a modern tall tower |  |  |  | with blades | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | a modern tall tower | electricity |  |  |  | a wind turbine *obl* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset electricity=Product |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A windmill is a toy on a stick with paper or plastic blades that spin in the wind (UK: a pinwheel or windmill).

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:windmill:m3:1
# text = A windmill is a toy on a stick with paper or plastic blades that spin in the wind (UK: a pinwheel or windmill).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	windmill	windmill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	plastic	plastic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	blades	blade	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	spin	spin	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	pinwheel	pinwheel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	windmill	windmill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a windmill | a toy and a pinwheel or windmill |  | a stick with paper blades |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **spin** | present | paper blades |  |  | the wind |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in wind=Trajectory |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old windmill ground wheat into flour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:windmill:x1:1
# text = The old windmill ground wheat into flour.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	windmill	windmill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	wheat	wheat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	flour	flour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Netherlands is famous for its windmills.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:windmill:x2:1
# text = The Netherlands is famous for its windmills.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Netherlands	Netherlands	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	windmills	windmill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the Netherlands |  |  |  |  | for Netherlands's windmills; famous *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Windmills on the farm pump water for the cattle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:windmill:x3:1
# text = Windmills on the farm pump water for the cattle.
1	Windmills	windmill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	pump	pump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hills are covered with modern windmills making electricity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:windmill:x4:1
# text = The hills are covered with modern windmills making electricity.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	windmills	windmill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | present · passive |  | the hills |  |  |  | with modern windmills | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with windmill=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | gerund | modern windmills *not said here* | electricity |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset electricity=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We made a paper windmill in science.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:windmill:x5:1
# text = We made a paper windmill in science.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	windmill	windmill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | We | a paper windmill |  | science |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent windmill=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sails of the windmill turned slowly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:windmill:x6:1
# text = The sails of the windmill turned slowly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sails	sail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	windmill	windmill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | the sails of the windmill |  |  |  |  | slowly *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wind power is a clean source of energy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:windmill:x7:1
# text = Wind power is a clean source of energy.
1	Wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	clean	clean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	source	source	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Wind power | a clean source |  |  |  | of energy | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A windmill stood upon the hill, proud to look at, and it was proud too.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:windmill:x8:1
# text = A windmill stood upon the hill, proud to look at, and it was proud too.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	windmill	windmill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	proud	proud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	proud	proud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
17	too	too	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | a windmill |  |  | the hill |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent upon hill=Location |
| 2 | **look** | to-infinitive | a windmill *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **is** | past | windmill |  |  |  |  | proud *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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