---
title: window — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «window» in the school dictionary: A window is an opening in a wall or a car with glass, to let in light and air. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# window

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** window, program, shop window, house, He, many panes · **What happens:** be, let, show, do, have, clean · **To what, where:** opening, wall, light, one part, goods, people

<!-- .vabout -->
«window» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [window in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/window.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A window is an opening in a wall or a car with glass, to let in light and air.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:window:m1:1
# text = A window is an opening in a wall or a car with glass, to let in light and air.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	opening	opening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a window | a opening |  | a wall or a car with glass |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **let** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | light and air |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A window is one part of a computer screen where a program shows.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:window:m2:1
# text = A window is one part of a computer screen where a program shows.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	screen	screen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	13	advmod	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	program	program	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a window | one part |  |  |  | of a computer screen | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | present | a program |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A shop window shows goods to people outside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:window:m3:1
# text = A shop window shows goods to people outside.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	outside	outside	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | a shop window | goods | people |  |  | outside *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent goods=Topic to people=Recipient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A window of time is a short time when something can be done.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:window:m4:1
# text = A window of time is a short time when something can be done.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	nsubj	_	_
11	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a window of time | a short time |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | can · passive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The house has 12 windows.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:window:x1:1
# text = The house has 12 windows.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	windows	window	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the house | 12 windows |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent window=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each window has 4 panes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:window:x2:1
# text = Each window has 4 panes.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	panes	pane	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | each window | 4 panes |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pane=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He cleans 3 windows an hour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:window:x3:1
# text = He cleans 3 windows an hour.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cleans	clean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	windows	window	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clean** | present | He | 3 windows  a hour |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent window=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many panes are there in all?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:window:x4:1
# text = How many panes are there in all?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	panes	pane	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | many panes |  |  | all |  | there *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can I have the window seat on the bus?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:window:x5:1
# text = Can I have the window seat on the bus?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | can | I | the window seat |  | the bus |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seat=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She looked out of the window at the rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:window:x6:1
# text = She looked out of the window at the rain.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look out** | past | She | the window |  | the rain |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Close that window on the screen and open the game.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:window:x7:1
# text = Close that window on the screen and open the game.
1	Close	close	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	screen	screen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	open	open	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **close** | imperative | you *not said here* | that window |  | the screen |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent window=Patient |
| 2 | **open** | infinitive | you *not said here* | the game |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location game=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We went window shopping at the mall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:window:x8:1
# text = We went window shopping at the mall.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	shopping	shopping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	mall	mall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | We | window shopping |  | the mall |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location shopping=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Exactly at midnight the window opened.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:window:x9:1
# text = Exactly at midnight the window opened.
1	Exactly	exactly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	midnight	midnight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	opened	open	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | past | the window |  |  |  |  | exactly *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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