---
title: winter — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «winter» in the school dictionary: The coldest season of the year, between autumn (fall) and spring. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/W/winter/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [W](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/W/) / winter

# winter

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Winter, It, Bears, you, days, Christmas · **What happens:** spend, be, snow, hibernate, wear, fly · **To what, where:** coldest season, Australia, warm clothes, Canada

<!-- .vabout -->
«winter» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [winter in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/winter.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The coldest season of the year, between autumn (fall) and spring.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:winter:m1:1
# text = The coldest season of the year, between autumn (fall) and spring.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	coldest	cold	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	3	amod	_	_
3	season	season	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	between	between	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	autumn	autumn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	fall	fall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As a verb, to spend the winter somewhere.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:winter:m2:1
# text = As a verb, to spend the winter somewhere.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	spend	spend	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	somewhere	somewhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  | winter | as a verb; somewhere *property* | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as verb=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Birds winter in the south."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:winter:m2e:1
# text = "Birds winter in the south."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	compound	_	_
3	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	south	south	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Winter is the coldest season.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:winter:x1:1
# text = Winter is the coldest season.
1	Winter	Winter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	coldest	cold	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	season	season	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Winter | the coldest season |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It snows here in winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:winter:x2:1
# text = It snows here in winter.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	snows	snow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **snow** | present | It |  |  | here | winter |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bears hibernate in winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:winter:x3:1
# text = Bears hibernate in winter.
1	Bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hibernate	hibernate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hibernate** | present | Bears |  |  |  | winter |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Australia, winter is in June, July and August.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:winter:x4:1
# text = In Australia, winter is in June, July and August.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	June	June	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	July	July	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	August	August	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  | Australia |  | in winter June and August | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wear warm clothes in winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:winter:x5:1
# text = Wear warm clothes in winter.
1	Wear	wear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | imperative | you *not said here* | warm clothes |  |  | winter |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent clothes=Source |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The days are short in winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:winter:x6:1
# text = The days are short in winter.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the days |  |  |  | winter | short *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Christmas is in winter in Canada, but in summer in New Zealand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:winter:x7:1
# text = Christmas is in winter in Canada, but in summer in New Zealand.
1	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	flat	_	_
13	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Christmas |  |  | Canada |  | in winter but summer in New Zealand | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some birds fly south for the winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:winter:x8:1
# text = Some birds fly south for the winter.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fly	fly	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	south	south	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | present | some birds |  |  |  | winter | south *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hard winter followed this summer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:winter:x9:1
# text = A hard winter followed this summer.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	followed	follow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | past | a hard winter |  |  |  | summer |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [winning](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/W/winning/)
- next →: [wintry](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/W/wintry/)
- ↑ back to [W in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/W/)