---
title: wisdom — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «wisdom» in the school dictionary: Wisdom is the ability to make good, sensible decisions and judgments, using knowledge and experience. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# wisdom

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Wisdom, people, Wisdom teeth, last back teeth, words, Grandma · **What happens:** be, make, use, gather, grow, help · **To what, where:** ability, knowledge, good advice, last back teeth, late teens, me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«wisdom» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [wisdom in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/wisdom.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wisdom is the ability to make good, sensible decisions and judgments, using knowledge and experience.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wisdom:m1:1
# text = Wisdom is the ability to make good, sensible decisions and judgments, using knowledge and experience.
1	Wisdom	wisdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ability	ability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
7	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	sensible	sensible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	decisions	decision	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	judgments	judgment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	using	use	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
15	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	experience	experience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Wisdom | the ability and sensible decisions and judgments |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | good *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **use** | gerund | Wisdom *not said here* | knowledge and experience |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knowledge=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wisdom is the knowledge and good advice that people gather over time: «old wisdom», «the wisdom of our grandparents».

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wisdom:m2:1
# text = Wisdom is the knowledge and good advice that people gather over time: «old wisdom», «the wisdom of our grandparents».
1	Wisdom	wisdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	advice	advice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	obj	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	gather	gather	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
11	over	over	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	wisdom	wisdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	wisdom	wisdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	grandparents	grandparent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Wisdom | the knowledge and good advice |  |  |  | old wisdom *nmod* | tree rules |
| 2 | **gather** | present | people | good advice |  |  | time |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Wisdom teeth» are the last back teeth, which grow in late teens or adulthood.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wisdom:m3:1
# text = «Wisdom teeth» are the last back teeth, which grow in late teens or adulthood.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Wisdom	wisdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	teens	teen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	adulthood	adulthood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Wisdom teeth | the last back teeth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | present | the last back teeth |  |  | late teens or adulthood |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in teen=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma's words of wisdom helped me.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wisdom:x1:1
# text = Grandma's words of wisdom helped me.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	wisdom	wisdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | Grandma's words of wisdom |  | me |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **word** |  | Grandma | wisdom |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The owl is a symbol of wisdom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wisdom:x2:1
# text = The owl is a symbol of wisdom.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	owl	owl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	symbol	symbol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	wisdom	wisdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the owl | a symbol |  |  |  | of wisdom | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It takes wisdom to know when to stay quiet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wisdom:x3:1
# text = It takes wisdom to know when to stay quiet.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	wisdom	wisdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
9	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | It | wisdom |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wisdom=Theme |
| 2 | **know** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **stay** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | quiet *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fables teach wisdom through stories.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wisdom:x4:1
# text = Fables teach wisdom through stories.
1	Fables	fable	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	teach	teach	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	wisdom	wisdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | present | Fables | wisdom |  | stories |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent wisdom=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad had his wisdom teeth out.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wisdom:x5:1
# text = Dad had his wisdom teeth out.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	wisdom	wisdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	out	out	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Dad | Dad's wisdom teeth |  |  |  | out *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Knowledge is knowing facts; wisdom is using them well.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wisdom:x6:1
# text = Knowledge is knowing facts; wisdom is using them well.
1	Knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	knowing	know	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	wisdom	wisdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	using	use	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present · progressive | Knowledge | facts |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer fact=Stimulus |
| 2 | **use** | present · progressive | wisdom | facts *= fact* |  |  |  | well *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The king was famous for his wisdom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wisdom:x7:1
# text = The king was famous for his wisdom.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	wisdom	wisdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the king |  |  |  |  | for king's wisdom; famous *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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