---
title: wise — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «wise» in the school dictionary: Wise means having good sense and making good choices because of knowledge and experience. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# wise

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Wise, wise decision, person, harness expert, wise old owl, Grandma · **What happens:** mean, have, make, be, know, give · **To what, where:** good sense, good choices, sensible one, lot, experience, good advice · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«wise» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [wise in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/wise.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wise means having good sense and making good choices because of knowledge and experience.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wise:m1:1
# text = Wise means having good sense and making good choices because of knowledge and experience.
1	Wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	ccomp	_	_
4	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	sense	sense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	conj	_	_
8	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	choices	choice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	12	case	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	experience	experience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Wise |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** | gerund |  | good sense |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sense=Patient |
| 3 | **make** | gerund |  | good choices |  |  |  | because knowledge and experience | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset choice=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A wise decision or action is a sensible one.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wise:m2:1
# text = A wise decision or action is a sensible one.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	decision	decision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	sensible	sensible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a wise decision or action | a sensible one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Wise to» (informal) means knowing about a trick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wise:m3:1
# text = «Wise to» (informal) means knowing about a trick.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	nsubj	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	2	csubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	knowing	know	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	xcomp	_	_
10	about	about	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Wise |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **know** *not said to happen* | gerund | Wise *not said here* |  |  |  |  | about a trick | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer about trick=Stimulus |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who is wise about something knows a lot about it from experience, such as a horse-harness expert who is bridle-wise.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wise:m4:1
# text = A person who is wise about something knows a lot about it from experience, such as a horse-harness expert who is bridle-wise.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	acl:relcl	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obl	_	_
8	knows	know	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	about	about	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nmod	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	experience	experience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
16	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	22	case	_	_
17	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	fixed	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
19	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	harness	harness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	expert	expert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	_
23	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj	_	_
24	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
25	bridle	bridle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a person |  |  |  |  | about something; wise *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **know** | present | a person | a lot |  | experience |  | about lot | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer lot=Stimulus |
| 3 | **is** | present | a harness expert |  |  |  |  | wise *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wise old owl gave good advice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wise:x1:1
# text = The wise old owl gave good advice.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	owl	owl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	advice	advice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the wise old owl | good advice |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent advice=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was wise to bring an umbrella.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wise:x2:1
# text = It was wise to bring an umbrella.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	expl	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	umbrella	umbrella	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | wise *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **bring** | to-infinitive |  | a umbrella |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent umbrella=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma is very wise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wise:x3:1
# text = Grandma is very wise.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Grandma |  |  |  |  | wise *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Making a wise choice takes thinking.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wise:x4:1
# text = Making a wise choice takes thinking.
1	Making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	choice	choice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	thinking	think	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | gerund |  | a wise choice |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset choice=Product |
| 2 | **take** | present | Making |  |  |  |  |  | vn require-103 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Precondition |
| 3 | **think** *speech: other* | gerund | Making *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is not wise to swim alone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wise:x5:1
# text = It is not wise to swim alone.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	expl	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	swim	swim	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
7	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | wise *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **swim** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | alone *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The king asked his wisest friend for help.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wise:x6:1
# text = The king asked his wisest friend for help.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	wisest	wise	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the king |  | king's wisest friend |  |  | for help | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent friend=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Learn from wise people's mistakes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wise:x7:1
# text = Learn from wise people's mistakes.
1	Learn	learn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
3	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	mistakes	mistake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | wise people's mistakes |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from mistake=Source |
| 2 | **mistake** |  | wise people |  |  |  |  |  | nom mistake «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He took the toy back and nobody was any the wiser.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wise:x8:1
# text = He took the toy back and nobody was any the wiser.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	back	back	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
7	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	any	anyone	ADV	GW	Typo=Yes	11	nsubj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	wiser	wise	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take back** | past | He | the toy |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toy=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | nobody |  |  |  |  | anyone *property* | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wise woman nodded her head.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wise:x9:1
# text = The wise woman nodded her head.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	nodded	nod	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **nod** | past | the wise woman | woman's head |  |  |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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