---
title: witch — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «witch» in the school dictionary: In fairy tales and stories, a witch is a woman (and sometimes a man) who has magic powers, often shown with a pointed hat, a broomstick, a black cat and a cauldron. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# witch

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** witch, man, people, it, Calling, woman · **What happens:** be, have, show, accuse, punish, kill · **To what, where:** woman, magic powers, history, witch hunts, religions, town · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«witch» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [witch in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/witch.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In fairy tales and stories, a witch is a woman (and sometimes a man) who has magic powers, often shown with a pointed hat, a broomstick, a black cat and a cauldron.

<!-- fold The tree, 32 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:witch:m1:1
# text = In fairy tales and stories, a witch is a woman (and sometimes a man) who has magic powers, often shown with a pointed hat, a broomstick, a black cat and a cauldron.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	fairy	fairy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	witch	witch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	16	advmod	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	_
18	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
20	magic	magic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	powers	power	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	often	often	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	acl	_	_
25	with	with	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	pointed	pointed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	broomstick	broomstick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
33	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
34	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
37	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	cauldron	cauldron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a witch | a woman |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | a man | magic powers |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Patient |
| 3 | **show** | participle |  | magic powers *not said here* |  |  |  | with a pointed hat and a broomstick and a black cat and a cauldron; often *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In history, many people, mostly poor or old women, were wrongly accused of being witches and punished or killed in witch hunts.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:witch:m2:1
# text = In history, many people, mostly poor or old women, were wrongly accused of being witches and punished or killed in witch hunts.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
13	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
14	wrongly	wrongly	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	accused	accuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	cop	_	_
18	witches	witch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	punished	punish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	conj	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	conj	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	witch	witch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	hunts	hunt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accuse** | past · passive |  |  |  | history and many people |  | wrongly *property* | vn suspect-81 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING» |
| 2 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | of witches | tree rules |
| 3 | **punish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **kill** | participle |  |  |  | witch hunts |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some people today follow religions such as Wicca and call themselves witches; for them it is about nature and their beliefs, not evil.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:witch:m3:1
# text = Some people today follow religions such as Wicca and call themselves witches; for them it is about nature and their beliefs, not evil.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
4	follow	follow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	religions	religion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	Wicca	Wicca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	call	call	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
11	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	10	obj	_	_
12	witches	witch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obl	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
18	about	about	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	beliefs	belief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	25	advmod	_	_
25	evil	evil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | present | some people | religions |  |  | today | such Wicca | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent religion=Theme |
| 2 | **call** | infinitive | some people *not said here* | religions *= religion* |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme witch=Result |
| 3 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | about nature and people's beliefs and evil; for people | tree rules |
| 4 | **believe** |  | people |  |  |  |  |  | nom belief «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: rude, insulting — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Calling a woman «a witch» means she is nasty or ugly; this is unkind.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:witch:m4:1
# text = Calling a woman «a witch» means she is nasty or ugly; this is unkind.
1	Calling	call	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	witch	witch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	nasty	nasty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	ccomp	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	ugly	ugly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	17	nsubj	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | gerund |  |  | a woman |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent woman=Recipient |
| 2 | **mean** | present | Calling |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | woman |  |  |  |  | nasty *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | woman *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **is** | present | this |  |  |  |  | unkind *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The witch flew over the town on her broomstick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:witch:x1:1
# text = The witch flew over the town on her broomstick.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	witch	witch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	broomstick	broomstick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | past | the witch |  |  | the town |  | on witch's broomstick | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent over town=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wicked witch locked Hansel in a cage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:witch:x2:1
# text = The wicked witch locked Hansel in a cage.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	wicked	wicked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	witch	witch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	locked	lock	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	Hansel	Hansel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cage	cage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lock** | participle | the wicked witch *not said here* | Hansel |  | a cage |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hansel=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I dressed up as a witch for Halloween.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:witch:x3:1
# text = I dressed up as a witch for Halloween.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	dressed	dress	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	witch	witch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Halloween	Halloween	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dress up** | past | I |  |  |  |  | as a witch for Halloween | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the past, innocent women were accused of being witches.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:witch:x4:1
# text = In the past, innocent women were accused of being witches.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	innocent	innocent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	accused	accuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	cop	_	_
11	witches	witch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accuse** | past · passive |  | innocent women |  | the past |  |  | vn suspect-81 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | of witches | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The witch stirred a bubbling cauldron.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:witch:x5:1
# text = The witch stirred a bubbling cauldron.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	witch	witch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stirred	stir	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	bubbling	bubble	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	cauldron	cauldron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stir** | past | the witch | a bubbling cauldron |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus cauldron=Experiencer |
| 2 | **bubble** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The newspaper said the inquiry was a witch hunt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:witch:x6:1
# text = The newspaper said the inquiry was a witch hunt.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	inquiry	inquiry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	witch	witch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	hunt	hunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the newspaper |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past | the inquiry | a witch hunt |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Witches are not real in the way stories show them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:witch:x7:1
# text = Witches are not real in the way stories show them.
1	Witches	witch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present | Witches |  |  | the way |  | real *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | present | stories | Witches *= witch* |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The White Witch made it always winter in Narnia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:witch:x8:1
# text = The White Witch made it always winter in Narnia.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	White	White	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Witch	Witch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	7	advmod	_	_
7	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Narnia	Narnia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the White Witch | it |  | Narnia | winter |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Product |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The witch began gnashing her teeth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:witch:x9:1
# text = The witch began gnashing her teeth.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	witch	witch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	gnashing	gnash	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | the witch |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **gnash** | gerund | the witch *not said here* | witch's teeth |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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