---
title: withered — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «withered» in the school dictionary: Withered means dried up and shrunk, like an old plant or flower. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# withered

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** flowers, withered leaves, Christians, Jesus, withered plant, body · **What happens:** wither, mean, dry up, shrink, describe, wrinkle · **To what, where:** old wrinkled skin, heat, tree, hands, man, water · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«withered» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [withered in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/withered.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Withered means dried up and shrunk, like an old plant or flower.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:withered:m1:1
# text = Withered means dried up and shrunk, like an old plant or flower.
1	Withered	wither	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	shrunk	shrink	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	flower	flower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wither** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **dry up** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **shrink** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | like a old plant or flower | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Withered can describe old, wrinkled skin or weak limbs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:withered:m2:1
# text = Withered can describe old, wrinkled skin or weak limbs.
1	Withered	wither	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	describe	describe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	wrinkled	wrinkle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	limbs	limb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wither** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **describe** | can |  | old wrinkled skin or weak limbs |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent skin=Theme |
| 3 | **wrinkle** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The flowers withered in the heat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:withered:x1:1
# text = The flowers withered in the heat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	withered	wither	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wither** | past | the flowers |  |  | the heat |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The withered leaves fell from the tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:withered:x2:1
# text = The withered leaves fell from the tree.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	withered	wither	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wither** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **fall** | past | the withered leaves |  |  | the tree |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from tree=Initial\_Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma's hands are withered with age.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:withered:x3:1
# text = Grandma's hands are withered with age.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	withered	wither	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wither** | present · passive |  | Grandma's hands |  |  | with age |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Christians read that Jesus healed a man with a withered hand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:withered:x4:1
# text = Christians read that Jesus healed a man with a withered hand.
1	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	healed	heal	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	withered	wither	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | Christians |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **heal** | past | Jesus | a man |  |  |  | with a withered hand | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent man=Patient with hand=Instrument |
| 3 | **wither** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The withered plant needed water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:withered:x5:1
# text = The withered plant needed water.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	withered	wither	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	needed	need	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wither** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **need** | participle | the withered plant *not said here* | water |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot water=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The apple was withered and brown.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:withered:x6:1
# text = The apple was withered and brown.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	withered	wither	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wither** | past · passive |  | the apple |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His body became like a withered tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:withered:x7:1
# text = His body became like a withered tree.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	withered	wither	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | His body |  |  |  |  | like a withered tree | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **wither** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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