---
title: withstand — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «withstand» in the school dictionary: To be strong enough not to be damaged or broken by something, such as heat, cold, wind or weight. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# withstand

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** paper bridge, Oven gloves, castle walls, jacket, egg box, Eriphyle · **What happens:** be, not damage, break, resist, withstand, build · **To what, where:** attack, weight, high temperatures, Houses, strong winds, heavy rain

<!-- .vabout -->
«withstand» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [withstand in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/withstand.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To be strong enough not to be damaged or broken by something, such as heat, cold, wind or weight.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:withstand:m1:1
# text = To be strong enough not to be damaged or broken by something, such as heat, cold, wind or weight.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
2	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	cop	_	_
3	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	damaged	damage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	16	case	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	fixed	_	_
16	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	weight	weight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | enough, strong *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **damage** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP» |
| 3 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by something | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by something=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To resist an attack or a pressure successfully.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:withstand:m2:1
# text = To resist an attack or a pressure successfully.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	resist	resist	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	attack	attack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pressure	pressure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	successfully	successfully	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **resist** | to-infinitive |  | a attack or a pressure |  |  |  | successfully *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our paper bridge could withstand the weight of ten coins.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:withstand:x1:1
# text = Our paper bridge could withstand the weight of ten coins.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	withstand	withstand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	weight	weight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	coins	coin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **withstand** | could | Our paper bridge | the weight of ten coins |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Oven gloves can withstand high temperatures.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:withstand:x2:1
# text = Oven gloves can withstand high temperatures.
1	Oven	oven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	gloves	glove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	withstand	withstand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	temperatures	temperature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **withstand** | can | Oven gloves | high temperatures |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The castle walls withstood the attack for months.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:withstand:x3:1
# text = The castle walls withstood the attack for months.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	withstood	withstand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	attack	attack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	months	month	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **withstand** | past | the castle walls | the attack |  |  | month |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Houses in hurricane areas are built to withstand strong winds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:withstand:x4:1
# text = Houses in hurricane areas are built to withstand strong winds.
1	Houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	hurricane	hurricane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	areas	area	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	withstand	withstand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
9	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	winds	wind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | present · passive |  | Houses in hurricane areas |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **withstand** | to-infinitive |  | strong winds |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This jacket can withstand heavy rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:withstand:x5:1
# text = This jacket can withstand heavy rain.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	jacket	jacket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	withstand	withstand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **withstand** | can | this jacket | heavy rain |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can your egg box withstand a fall from the table?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:withstand:x6:1
# text = Can your egg box withstand a fall from the table?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	egg	egg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	withstand	withstand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	fall	fall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **withstand** | can | your egg box | a fall |  | the table |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Eriphyle, unable to withstand the tempting bait, accepted the bribe, and thus Amphiaraus was compelled to join the army.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:withstand:x7:1
# text = Eriphyle, unable to withstand the tempting bait, accepted the bribe, and thus Amphiaraus was compelled to join the army.
1	Eriphyle	Eriphyle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	unable	unable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	amod	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	withstand	withstand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	tempting	tempting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	bait	bait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
10	accepted	accept	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	bribe	bribe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
16	Amphiaraus	Amphiaraus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	compelled	compel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	join	join	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **withstand** | to-infinitive | Eriphyle *not said here* | the tempting bait |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **accept** | past | Eriphyle | the bribe |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bribe=Theme |
| 3 | **compel** | past · passive |  | Amphiaraus |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Result |
| 4 | **join** | to-infinitive |  | the army |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent army=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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