---
title: woof — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «woof» in the school dictionary: Woof is the sound a dog makes when it barks, written as a word. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# woof

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Woof, dog, threads, we, baby sister, sister · **What happens:** be, make, bark, write, woof, run · **To what, where:** sound, one bark, set, piece, puppy, happy woof · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«woof» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [woof in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/woof.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Woof is the sound a dog makes when it barks, written as a word.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:woof:m1:1
# text = Woof is the sound a dog makes when it barks, written as a word.
1	Woof	woof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	10	mark	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	barks	bark	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Woof | the sound |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | a dog | the sound *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Product |
| 3 | **bark** | present | dog |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **write** | participle |  | the sound *not said here* |  |  |  | as a word | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as word=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A woof is one bark.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:woof:m2:1
# text = A woof is one bark.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	woof	woof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a woof | one bark |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To woof is to bark like a dog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:woof:m3:1
# text = To woof is to bark like a dog.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	woof	woof	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	bark	bark	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **woof** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | like a dog; bark *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: weaving, also «weft» — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The woof is the set of threads that run across a piece of woven cloth.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:woof:m4:1
# text = The woof is the set of threads that run across a piece of woven cloth.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	woof	woof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	set	set	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	threads	thread	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	run	run	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	across	across	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	woven	weave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	_
15	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the woof | the set |  |  |  | of threads | tree rules |
| 2 | **run** | present | threads |  |  | a piece of woven cloth |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across piece=Trajectory |
| 3 | **weave** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Woof! Woof!» barked the puppy.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «Woof!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:woof:x1:1
# text = «Woof!
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Woof	woof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Woof!» barked the puppy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:woof:x1:2
# text = Woof!» barked the puppy.
1	Woof	woof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
4	barked	bark	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bark** *in a quote* | past | Woof | the puppy |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent puppy=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog gave a happy woof when we came home.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:woof:x2:1
# text = The dog gave a happy woof when we came home.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	woof	woof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
8	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	home	home	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the dog | a happy woof |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent woof=Theme |
| 2 | **come** | past | we |  |  |  |  | home *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The big dog woofed at the postman.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:woof:x3:1
# text = The big dog woofed at the postman.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	woofed	woof	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	postman	postman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **woof** | participle |  | the big dog *not said here* |  |  |  | at the postman | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Agent at postman=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Woof» is an onomatopoeia, like «meow» and «moo».

<!-- fold The tree, 8 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:woof:x4:1
# text = «Woof» is an onomatopoeia, like «meow» and «moo».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Woof	woof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	onomatopoeia	onomatopoeia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	meow	meow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	moo	moo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Woof | a onomatopoeia and moo |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In weaving, the woof goes over and under the warp.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:woof:x5:1
# text = In weaving, the woof goes over and under the warp.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	weaving	weaving	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	woof	woof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	over	over	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	under	under	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	warp	warp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | the woof |  |  | weaving |  | over *property* | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in weaving=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My baby sister says «woof» every time she sees a dog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:woof:x6:1
# text = My baby sister says «woof» every time she sees a dog.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	woof	woof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl:unmarked	_	_
10	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	sees	see	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | My baby sister | woof |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | present | sister | a dog |  |  | time |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer dog=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘Shuttle, weave both web and woof, Bring my love beneath my roof.’

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:woof:x7:1
# text = ‘Shuttle, weave both web and woof, Bring my love beneath my roof.’
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Shuttle	shuttle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	weave	weave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	web	web	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	woof	woof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	Bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
11	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **weave** | infinitive | Shuttle | both web and woof |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material web=Product |
| 2 | **bring** | infinitive | Shuttle *not said here* | my love |  |  |  | beneath my roof | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent love=Theme |
| 3 | **love** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom love «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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