---
title: wrinkle — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «wrinkle» in the school dictionary: A wrinkle is a small line or fold in skin, cloth or paper. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/W/wrinkle/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [W](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/W/) / wrinkle

# wrinkle

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** wrinkle, you, Grandma, fingers, He, bin · **What happens:** be, fold, wrinkle, get, crease, have · **To what, where:** small line, skin, such lines, nose, shirt, small problem

<!-- .vabout -->
«wrinkle» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [wrinkle in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/wrinkle.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A wrinkle is a small line or fold in skin, cloth or paper.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wrinkle:m1:1
# text = A wrinkle is a small line or fold in skin, cloth or paper.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wrinkle	wrinkle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	fold	fold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a wrinkle | a small line |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fold** | infinitive | a wrinkle *not said here* |  |  | skin and cloth or paper |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To wrinkle is to make or get such lines, as when you wrinkle your nose or a shirt gets creased.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wrinkle:m2:1
# text = To wrinkle is to make or get such lines, as when you wrinkle your nose or a shirt gets creased.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	wrinkle	wrinkle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
8	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	wrinkle	wrinkle	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
15	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	shirt	shirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	gets	get	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	creased	crease	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wrinkle** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | make *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **get** | infinitive |  | such lines |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer line=Stimulus |
| 4 | **wrinkle** | present | you | your nose |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent nose=Patient |
| 5 | **crease** | present · passive |  | a shirt |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Informally, a wrinkle is a small problem or a clever new idea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wrinkle:m3:1
# text = Informally, a wrinkle is a small problem or a clever new idea.
1	Informally	informally	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	wrinkle	wrinkle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a wrinkle | a small problem or a clever new idea |  |  |  | informally *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma has wrinkles around her eyes when she smiles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wrinkle:x1:1
# text = Grandma has wrinkles around her eyes when she smiles.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	wrinkles	wrinkle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	around	around	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
8	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	smiles	smile	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Grandma | wrinkles |  | Grandma's eyes |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wrinkle=Patient |
| 2 | **smile** | present | Grandma |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My fingers wrinkle after a long bath.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wrinkle:x2:1
# text = My fingers wrinkle after a long bath.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	fingers	finger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wrinkle	wrinkle	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	bath	bath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wrinkle** | present | My fingers |  |  |  | after a long bath |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He wrinkled his nose at the smell of the bin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wrinkle:x3:1
# text = He wrinkled his nose at the smell of the bin.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wrinkled	wrinkle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	bin	bin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wrinkle** | past | He | his nose |  | the smell of the bin |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent nose=Patient |
| 2 | **smell** |  | the bin |  |  |  |  |  | nom smell «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Iron the shirt to get rid of the wrinkles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wrinkle:x4:1
# text = Iron the shirt to get rid of the wrinkles.
1	Iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	shirt	shirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl	_	_
6	rid	rid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	wrinkles	wrinkle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | rid *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old map was full of wrinkles and folds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wrinkle:x5:1
# text = The old map was full of wrinkles and folds.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	wrinkles	wrinkle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	folds	fold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the old map |  |  |  |  | of wrinkles and folds; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We still need to iron out a few wrinkles in our plan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wrinkle:x6:1
# text = We still need to iron out a few wrinkles in our plan.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	still	still	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	iron	iron	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	wrinkles	wrinkle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | We |  |  |  | still |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **iron out** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | a few wrinkles |  | our plan |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wrinkle=Patient |
| 3 | **plan** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom plan «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But every hundred years there came a wrinkle on my face.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wrinkle:x7:1
# text = But every hundred years there came a wrinkle on my face.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
3	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
6	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	wrinkle	wrinkle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | every hundred years |  |  | my face |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on face=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [wring](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/W/wring/)
- next →: [wrinkly](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/W/wrinkly/)
- ↑ back to [W in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/W/)