---
title: writer — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «writer» in the school dictionary: A writer is a person who writes books, stories, poems, articles or scripts, especially as a job. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# writer

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** writer, person, favourite writer, me, She, class · **What happens:** be, write, make, laugh, use, describe · **To what, where:** person, books, anyone, particular thing, certain way, me

<!-- .vabout -->
«writer» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [writer in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/writer.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A writer is a person who writes books, stories, poems, articles or scripts, especially as a job.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:writer:m1:1
# text = A writer is a person who writes books, stories, poems, articles or scripts, especially as a job.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	writer	writer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	writes	write	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	poems	poem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	articles	article	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	scripts	script	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
19	as	as	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a writer | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **write** | present | a person | books and stories and poems and articles or scripts |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A writer is anyone who has written a particular thing, or someone who writes in a certain way.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:writer:m2:1
# text = A writer is anyone who has written a particular thing, or someone who writes in a certain way.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	writer	writer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	particular	particular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	appos	_	_
14	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	writes	write	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a writer | anyone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **write** | present · perfect · passive |  | a particular thing |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient thing=Topic |
| 3 | **write** | present |  |  |  | a certain way |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in way=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My favourite writer makes me laugh.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:writer:x1:1
# text = My favourite writer makes me laugh.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	favourite	favourite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	writer	writer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	laugh	laugh	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | My favourite writer | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **laugh** | infinitive | me *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The writer used lots of describing words.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:writer:x2:1
# text = The writer used lots of describing words.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	writer	writer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	describing	describe	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	amod	_	_
7	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | the writer | lots of describing words |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Patient |
| 2 | **describe** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She wants to be a writer when she grows up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:writer:x3:1
# text = She wants to be a writer when she grows up.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wants	want	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	writer	writer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	xcomp	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
8	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | present | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **is a** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | She *not said here* | a writer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **grow up** | present | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who is the writer of this poem?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:writer:x4:1
# text = Who is the writer of this poem?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	writer	writer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | the writer |  |  |  | of this poem | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class are young writers this term.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:writer:x5:1
# text = Our class are young writers this term.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	writers	writer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Our class | young writers |  |  |  | this term *nmod:unmarked* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The writer wanted us to feel sorry for the dog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:writer:x6:1
# text = The writer wanted us to feel sorry for the dog.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	writer	writer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wanted	want	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
7	sorry	sorry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | past | the writer | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **feel** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | us *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sorry *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He is a neat writer, so his handwriting is easy to read.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:writer:x7:1
# text = He is a neat writer, so his handwriting is easy to read.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	neat	neat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	writer	writer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	handwriting	handwriting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | He | a neat writer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | his handwriting |  |  |  |  | easy *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **read** | to-infinitive | his handwriting *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **handwrite** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom handwriting «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both these writers are inclined to trace the chief incidents to India.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:writer:x8:1
# text = Both these writers are inclined to trace the chief incidents to India.
1	Both	both	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc:preconj	_	_
2	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	writers	writer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	inclined	incline	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	trace	trace	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	chief	chief	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	incidents	incident	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **incline** | present · passive |  | this writers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **trace** | to-infinitive |  | the chief incidents | India |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent incident=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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