---
title: written — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «written» in the school dictionary: Written means put down in words or numbers on paper or a screen. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/W/written/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [W](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/W/) / written

# written

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** She, He, written test, Roald, you, written answer · **What happens:** write, mean, put down, do, not speak, tell · **To what, where:** words, written test, writing, book, 12 pages, 305 · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«written» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [written in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/written.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Written means put down in words or numbers on paper or a screen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:written:m1:1
# text = Written means put down in words or numbers on paper or a screen.
1	Written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	xcomp	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	screen	screen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **put down** *not said to happen* | participle |  |  |  | words or numbers on paper or a screen |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in word=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A written test or message is one done in writing, not spoken.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:written:m2:1
# text = A written test or message is one done in writing, not spoken.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nsubj	_	_
8	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **do** | present · passive |  | a written test or message |  | writing |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 3 | **not** **speak** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Written by tells who wrote a book or song.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:written:m3:1
# text = Written by tells who wrote a book or song.
1	Written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
2	by	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **write** | past |  | a book or song |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She has written 12 pages.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:written:x1:1
# text = She has written 12 pages.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	pages	page	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present · perfect | She | 12 pages |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent page=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How is 305 written in words?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:written:x2:1
# text = How is 305 written in words?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	305	305	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present · passive |  | 305 |  | words |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in word=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He has written 3 letters each day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:written:x3:1
# text = He has written 3 letters each day.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present · perfect | He | 3 letters |  |  | day |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The written test has 20 questions.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:written:x4:1
# text = The written test has 20 questions.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	questions	question	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **have** | present | the written test | 20 questions |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent question=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The book was written by Roald Dahl.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:written:x5:1
# text = The book was written by Roald Dahl.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Roald	Roald	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl:agent	_	_
7	Dahl	Dahl	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past · passive | Roald | the book |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write the answer; a written answer is easier to check.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:written:x6:1
# text = Write the answer; a written answer is easier to check.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	easier	easy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	1	parataxis	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	check	check	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* | the answer |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Theme |
| 2 | **write** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | a written answer |  |  |  |  | easy *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **check** | to-infinitive | a written answer *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The note was written in pencil.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:written:x7:1
# text = The note was written in pencil.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	pencil	pencil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past · passive |  | the note |  | pencil |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in pencil=Destination |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Seven written as a numeral is 7.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:written:x8:1
# text = Seven written as a numeral is 7.
1	Seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
2	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	numeral	numeral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | a numeral |  |  |  |  | as 7 | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Written down in the Novgorod Government.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:written:x9:1
# text = Written down in the Novgorod Government.
1	Written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	down	down	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Novgorod	Novgorod	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	Government	Government	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write down** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [writing](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/W/writing/)
- next →: [wrong](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/W/wrong/)
- ↑ back to [W in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/W/)