---
title: wrongdoing — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «wrongdoing» in the school dictionary: Bad or illegal behaviour; doing something wrong. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# wrongdoing

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** players, thief, Cheating, She, wrongdoer · **What happens:** do, deny, clear, admit, cheat, be · **To what, where:** something, wrongdoing, He, test, head teacher, someone

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«wrongdoing» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [wrongdoing in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/wrongdoing.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bad or illegal behaviour; doing something wrong.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wrongdoing:m1:1
# text = Bad or illegal behaviour; doing something wrong.
1	Bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	illegal	illegal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
6	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
8	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | gerund |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The players denied any wrongdoing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wrongdoing:x1:1
# text = The players denied any wrongdoing.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	denied	deny	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	wrongdoing	wrongdoing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deny** | past | the players | any wrongdoing |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent wrongdoing=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was cleared of wrongdoing after the inquiry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wrongdoing:x2:1
# text = He was cleared of wrongdoing after the inquiry.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	cleared	clear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	wrongdoing	wrongdoing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	inquiry	inquiry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clear** | past · passive |  | He |  |  | after the inquiry | of wrongdoing | vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP.source PP.theme»: subject=Source of wrongdoing=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The thief finally admitted his wrongdoing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wrongdoing:x3:1
# text = The thief finally admitted his wrongdoing.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	thief	thief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	finally	finally	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	admitted	admit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	wrongdoing	wrongdoing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **admit** *speech: other* | past | the thief | thief's wrongdoing |  |  |  | finally *property* | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wrongdoing=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cheating in a test is a wrongdoing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wrongdoing:x4:1
# text = Cheating in a test is a wrongdoing.
1	Cheating	cheat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	wrongdoing	wrongdoing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cheat** | gerund |  |  |  | a test |  |  | vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Cheating | a wrongdoing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She reported the wrongdoing to the head teacher.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wrongdoing:x5:1
# text = She reported the wrongdoing to the head teacher.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	reported	report	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	wrongdoing	wrongdoing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **report** | past | She | the wrongdoing | the head teacher |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent wrongdoing=Topic to teacher=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A wrongdoer is someone who does wrong.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wrongdoing:x6:1
# text = A wrongdoer is someone who does wrong.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wrongdoer	wrongdoer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a wrongdoer | someone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | present |  |  |  |  |  | wrong *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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