---
title: xmas — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «xmas» in the school dictionary: Xmas is a short way to write Christmas, the Christian festival celebrating the birth of Jesus, when many families give presents. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# xmas

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Xmas, Christian festival, many families, Xmas tree, We, shop · **What happens:** be, write, celebrate, give, have, colour · **To what, where:** short way, Christmas, birth, presents, coloured lights, Happy Xmas

<!-- .vabout -->
«xmas» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [xmas in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/xmas.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Xmas is a short way to write Christmas, the Christian festival celebrating the birth of Jesus, when many families give presents.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:xmas:m1:1
# text = Xmas is a short way to write Christmas, the Christian festival celebrating the birth of Jesus, when many families give presents.
1	Xmas	Xmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	write	write	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	Christian	Christian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	festival	festival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
13	celebrating	celebrate	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	acl	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	22	mark	_	_
20	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
22	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
23	presents	present	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Xmas | a short way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **write** | to-infinitive |  | Christmas |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent christmas=Theme |
| 3 | **celebrate** | gerund | the Christian festival *not said here* | the birth of Jesus |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent birth=Theme |
| 4 | **give** | present | many families | presents |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent present=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Merry Xmas to all our customers!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:xmas:x1:1
# text = Merry Xmas to all our customers!
1	Merry	Merry	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	Xmas	Xmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	6	det:predet	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	customers	customer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Xmas tree has coloured lights.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:xmas:x2:1
# text = The Xmas tree has coloured lights.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Xmas	Xmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	coloured	colour	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the Xmas tree | coloured lights |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Patient |
| 2 | **colour** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We wrote «Happy Xmas» on our cards.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:xmas:x3:1
# text = We wrote «Happy Xmas» on our cards.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	Happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	Xmas	Xmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	cards	card	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | We | Happy Xmas |  | our cards |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent xmas=Theme on card=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shop has an Xmas sale.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:xmas:x4:1
# text = The shop has an Xmas sale.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Xmas	Xmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	sale	sale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the shop | a Xmas sale |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sale=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What do you want for Xmas?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:xmas:x5:1
# text = What do you want for Xmas?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	want	want	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Xmas	Xmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | present · do-support | you |  |  |  |  | for Xmas | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot what=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Xmas holidays are the best part of winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:xmas:x6:1
# text = Xmas holidays are the best part of winter.
1	Xmas	Xmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	holidays	holiday	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Xmas holidays | the best part |  |  | winter |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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