---
title: xvi — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «xvi» in the school dictionary: The Roman numeral for 16. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# xvi

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** XVI, We, I, sister, Louis, you · **What happens:** use, name, be, write, chapter, show · **To what, where:** names, kings, Roman numeral, ages, Roman numerals, X

<!-- .vabout -->
«xvi» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [xvi in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/xvi.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Roman numeral for 16.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:xvi:m1:1
# text = The Roman numeral for 16.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	numeral	numeral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	16	16	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
X (10) + V (5) + I (1) = 16.

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:xvi:m1e:1
# text = X (10) + V (5) + I (1) = 16.
1	X	x	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
5	+	+	SYM	SYM	_	6	cc	_	_
6	V	v	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	_
10	+	+	SYM	SYM	_	1	compound	_	_
11	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	_
15	=	=	SYM	SYM	_	16	dep	_	_
16	16	16	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Used in names of kings and popes, as in Louis XVI (Louis the Sixteenth), a king of France.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:xvi:m2:1
# text = Used in names of kings and popes, as in Louis XVI (Louis the Sixteenth), a king of France.
1	Used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	popes	pope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Louis	Louis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
12	XVI	XVI	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	flat	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	Louis	Louis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Sixteenth	Sixteenth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  |  |  | names of kings and popes |  | as Louis | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **name** |  |  | kings and popes |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
XVI is the Roman numeral for 16.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:xvi:x1:1
# text = XVI is the Roman numeral for 16.
1	XVI	xvi	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	numeral	numeral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	16	16	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | XVI | the Roman numeral |  |  |  | for 16 | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We wrote our ages in Roman numerals; I am X and my sister is XVI.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:xvi:x2:1
# text = We wrote our ages in Roman numerals; I am X and my sister is XVI.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	ages	age	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	X	X	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	XVI	XVI	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | We | our ages |  | Roman numerals |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent age=Theme in numeral=Destination |
| 2 | **is a** | present | I | X and XVI |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | my sister | XVI |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Louis XVI was a king of France.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:xvi:x3:1
# text = Louis XVI was a king of France.
1	Louis	Louis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	XVI	XVI	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Louis | a king |  |  |  | of France | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chapter XVI of the book is the scariest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:xvi:x4:1
# text = Chapter XVI of the book is the scariest.
1	Chapter	chapter	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	XVI	XVI	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	scariest	scarey	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chapter** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | XVI of the book |  |  |  |  | scarey *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
XVI + IV = XX, because 16 + 4 = 20.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:xvi:x5:1
# text = XVI + IV = XX, because 16 + 4 = 20.
1	XVI	xvi	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	+	+	SYM	SYM	_	3	cc	_	_
3	IV	iv	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	=	=	SYM	SYM	_	5	punct	_	_
5	XX	XX	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	16	16	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	appos	_	_
9	+	+	SYM	SYM	_	10	cc	_	_
10	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	conj	_	_
11	=	=	SYM	SYM	_	12	case	_	_
12	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old clock shows the hours in Roman numerals, but none goes up to XVI.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:xvi:x6:1
# text = The old clock shows the hours in Roman numerals, but none goes up to XVI.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	clock	clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	13	nsubj	_	_
13	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
14	up	up	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	XVI	XVI	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the old clock |  |  | Roman numerals | hour |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **go up** | present | none |  | XVI |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chapter XVI The Magic Art of the Great Humbug

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:xvi:x7:1
# text = Chapter XVI The Magic Art of the Great Humbug
1	Chapter	chapter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	XVI	XVI	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Magic	Magic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Art	Art	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	Humbug	Humbug	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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