---
title: yap — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «yap» in the school dictionary: To give short, high, sharp barks: «The puppy yapped at the postman.». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# yap

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** puppy, mouth, Other animals, little dog, you, terrier · **What happens:** give, yap, talk, stop, shut, ring · **To what, where:** short sharp barks, lot, yap, homework, phone, whole street · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«yap» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [yap in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/yap.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: of a small dog — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To give short, high, sharp barks: «The puppy yapped at the postman.».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:yap:m1:1
# text = To give short, high, sharp barks: «The puppy yapped at the postman.».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	barks	bark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	yapped	yap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	postman	postman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | to-infinitive |  | short sharp barks |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bark=Theme |
| 2 | **yap** *in a quote* | past | the puppy |  |  |  |  | at the postman | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Agent at postman=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To talk a lot, loudly or in a silly way: «Stop yapping!».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:yap:m2:1
# text = To talk a lot, loudly or in a silly way: «Stop yapping!».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	talk	talk	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	silly	silly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
15	yapping	yap	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | to-infinitive |  | a lot |  |  |  | loudly *property* | vn compel-59.1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent lot=Patient |
| 2 | **stop** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **yap** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: slang, rude — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your mouth: «Shut your yap!».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:yap:m3:1
# text = Your mouth: «Shut your yap!».
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Shut	shut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	yap	yap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shut** *in a quote* | infinitive | Your mouth | your yap |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent yap=Patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A short, sharp bark.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:yap:m4:1
# text = A short, sharp bark.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Other animals, such as badgers, can also yap, not just small dogs.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:yap:m5:1
# text = Other animals, such as badgers, can also yap, not just small dogs.
1	Other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	6	case	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	_
6	badgers	badger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	also	also	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	yap	yap	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
13	just	just	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
14	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **yap** | can | Other animals and badgers |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The little dog next door yaps every time the doorbell rings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:yap:x1:1
# text = The little dog next door yaps every time the doorbell rings.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
4	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	yaps	yap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
7	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl:unmarked	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	doorbell	doorbell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	rings	ring	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ring** | present | the little dog and next door yaps |  |  |  | time |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stop yapping and finish your homework!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:yap:x2:1
# text = Stop yapping and finish your homework!
1	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	yapping	yap	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	xcomp	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	finish	finish	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **yap** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **finish** | infinitive | you *not said here* | your homework |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality homework=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The terrier gave a yap and ran after the ball.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:yap:x3:1
# text = The terrier gave a yap and ran after the ball.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	terrier	terrier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	yap	yap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	after	after	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the terrier | a yap |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yap=Theme |
| 2 | **run** | past | the terrier *not said here* |  |  |  | after the ball |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Shut your yap!» shouted the pirate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:yap:x4:1
# text = «Shut your yap!» shouted the pirate.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Shut	shut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	ccomp	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	yap	yap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
7	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	pirate	pirate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shut** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | your yap |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent yap=Patient |
| 2 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | the pirate |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were yapping on the phone for an hour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:yap:x5:1
# text = They were yapping on the phone for an hour.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	yapping	yap	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **yap** | past · progressive | They |  |  | the phone | hour |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our neighbour's yappy dog woke the whole street.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:yap:x6:1
# text = Our neighbour's yappy dog woke the whole street.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	yappy	yappy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	woke	wake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wake** | past | Our neighbour's yappy dog | the whole street |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent street=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was also the plunge and scurry of the deer, the yapping of badgers, and the whirr of birds driven into reluctant flight.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:yap:x7:1
# text = There was also the plunge and scurry of the deer, the yapping of badgers, and the whirr of birds driven into reluctant flight.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	plunge	plunge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	scurry	scurry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	deer	deer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	yapping	yapping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	badgers	badger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	whirr	whirr	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	_
22	driven	drive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	acl	_	_
23	into	into	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	reluctant	reluctant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	flight	flight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | the plunge and scurry of the deer and the yapping of badgers |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **drive** | participle |  | the whirr of birds *not said here* |  | reluctant flight |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent into flight=Trajectory |
| 3 | **scurry** |  | the deer |  |  |  |  |  | nom scurry «act intransitive»: of=agent |
| 4 | **whirr** |  | birds |  |  |  |  |  | nom whirr «event intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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