---
title: yew — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «yew» in the school dictionary: A yew is an evergreen tree with dark green, flat needles and red berry-like cones; it can live for a very long time. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# yew

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** yew, ancient yew tree, you, seeds, yews, frog · **What happens:** be, live, use, make, grow, not eat · **To what, where:** evergreen tree, hard bendy wood, longbows, churchyard, yew berries, yew hedge

<!-- .vabout -->
«yew» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [yew in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/yew.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A yew is an evergreen tree with dark green, flat needles and red berry-like cones; it can live for a very long time.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:yew:m1:1
# text = A yew is an evergreen tree with dark green, flat needles and red berry-like cones; it can live for a very long time.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	yew	yew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	evergreen	evergreen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
8	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
9	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	needles	needle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
14	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
15	berry	berry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	like	like	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	cones	cone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	parataxis	_	_
23	for	for	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
25	very	very	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a yew | a evergreen tree |  |  |  | with dark green flat needles and red like cones | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | can | yew |  |  |  | time |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yew is the hard, bendy wood of this tree, once used to make longbows.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:yew:m2:1
# text = Yew is the hard, bendy wood of this tree, once used to make longbows.
1	Yew	yew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	bendy	bendy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	13	advmod	_	_
13	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	parataxis	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
16	longbows	longbow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Yew | the hard bendy wood |  |  |  | of this tree | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | once *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | longbows |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset longbow=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An ancient yew tree grew in the churchyard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:yew:x1:1
# text = An ancient yew tree grew in the churchyard.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	yew	yew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	churchyard	churchyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | a ancient yew tree |  |  | the churchyard |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in churchyard=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never eat yew berries; the seeds are poisonous.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:yew:x2:1
# text = Never eat yew berries; the seeds are poisonous.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	eat	eat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	yew	yew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	berries	berry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	seeds	seed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **eat** | imperative | you *not said here* | yew berries |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent berry=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | the seeds |  |  |  |  | poisonous *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The yew hedge was trimmed into neat shapes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:yew:x3:1
# text = The yew hedge was trimmed into neat shapes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	yew	yew	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	hedge	hedge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	trimmed	trim	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	neat	neat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	shapes	shape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trim** | past · passive |  | the yew hedge |  | neat shapes |  |  | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Longbows were made from yew wood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:yew:x4:1
# text = Longbows were made from yew wood.
1	Longbows	longbow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	yew	yew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past · passive |  | Longbows |  | yew wood |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from wood=Material |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A yew stays green all winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:yew:x5:1
# text = A yew stays green all winter.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	yew	yew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stays	stay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | present | a yew |  |  |  | winter | green *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some yews are more than a thousand years old.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:yew:x6:1
# text = Some yews are more than a thousand years old.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	yews	yew	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
4	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	7	advmod	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl:unmarked	_	_
9	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | some yews |  |  |  | year | old *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As soon as the frog had recovered her senses she hopped up to the queen, who was still sitting under the yew.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:yew:x7:1
# text = As soon as the frog had recovered her senses she hopped up to the queen, who was still sitting under the yew.
1	As	as	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	11	advmod	_	_
3	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	frog	frog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	recovered	recover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	advcl	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	senses	sens	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	hopped	hop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	up	up	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
19	still	still	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	acl	_	_
21	under	under	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	yew	yew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **recover** | past · perfect · passive |  | the frog |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hop up** | past | frog |  | the queen |  |  | soon *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to queen=Destination |
| 3 | **sit** | past · progressive | the queen |  |  | the yew | still |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under yew=Location |

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