---
title: yiddish — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «yiddish» in the school dictionary: Yiddish is a language spoken by many Jewish people, especially those whose families came from Central and Eastern Europe. It grew from German with words from Hebrew and Slavic languages and is written in Hebrew letters. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependenc
---

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# yiddish

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Yiddish, families, great grandmother, Klutz, Many Yiddish speakers, Yiddish newspapers · **What happens:** be, speak, come, grow, write, mean · **To what, where:** language, Central, Hebrew letters, Yiddish, home, clumsy person · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«yiddish» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [yiddish in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/yiddish.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yiddish is a language spoken by many Jewish people, especially those whose families came from Central and Eastern Europe. It grew from German with words from Hebrew and Slavic languages and is written in Hebrew letters.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Yiddish is a language spoken by many Jewish people, especially those whose families came from Central and Eastern Europe.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:yiddish:m1:1
# text = Yiddish is a language spoken by many Jewish people, especially those whose families came from Central and Eastern Europe.
1	Yiddish	yiddish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	Jewish	Jewish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
12	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	14	det	_	_
13	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
15	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Central	Central	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	Eastern	Eastern	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Yiddish | a language |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle |  | a language *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **come** | past | that families |  |  | Central and Eastern Europe |  | especially *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from central=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* It grew from German with words from Hebrew and Slavic languages and is written in Hebrew letters.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:yiddish:m1:2
# text = It grew from German with words from Hebrew and Slavic languages and is written in Hebrew letters.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	German	German	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	obl	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Hebrew	Hebrew	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	Slavic	slavic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	Hebrew	hebrew	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | Yiddish |  |  |  |  | with words from Hebrew and Slavic languages; from German | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from german=Patient |
| 2 | **write** | present · passive | Yiddish *not said here* |  |  | Hebrew letters |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: in letter=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My great-grandmother spoke Yiddish at home.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:yiddish:x1:1
# text = My great-grandmother spoke Yiddish at home.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
2	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	grandmother	grandmother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	Yiddish	Yiddish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | My great grandmother | Yiddish |  | home |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Klutz» comes from Yiddish and means a clumsy person.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:yiddish:x2:1
# text = «Klutz» comes from Yiddish and means a clumsy person.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Klutz	Klutz	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Yiddish	Yiddish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	clumsy	clumsy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | Klutz |  |  | Yiddish |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from yiddish=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **mean** | present | Klutz *not said here* | a clumsy person |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent person=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yiddish is written with Hebrew letters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:yiddish:x3:1
# text = Yiddish is written with Hebrew letters.
1	Yiddish	yiddish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	Hebrew	hebrew	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present · passive |  | Yiddish |  |  |  | with Hebrew letters | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many Yiddish speakers lived in Poland before the Second World War.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:yiddish:x4:1
# text = Many Yiddish speakers lived in Poland before the Second World War.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	Yiddish	yiddish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	speakers	speaker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Poland	Poland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	before	before	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	Second	Second	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	11	amod	_	_
10	World	World	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	War	War	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | Many Yiddish speakers |  |  | Poland | before the Second World War |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in poland=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are Yiddish newspapers in New York.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:yiddish:x5:1
# text = There are Yiddish newspapers in New York.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Yiddish	yiddish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	newspapers	newspaper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	flat	_	_
7	York	York	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | Yiddish newspapers |  |  | New York; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in york=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The song was sung in Yiddish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:yiddish:x6:1
# text = The song was sung in Yiddish.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	sung	sing	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Yiddish	Yiddish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past · passive |  | the song |  | Yiddish |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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