---
title: אָשַׁם — Tanakh dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «אָשַׁם» in the Tanakh dictionary: offend. Every English meaning with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# אָשַׁם

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**Who acts:** you, vb, he · **What happens:** offend, be, hold · **To what, where:** they

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«אָשַׁם‎» in the Tanakh dictionary: its 3 English meanings, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its verses: [אָשַׁם‎ in the Tanakh dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/w/816.md).

## Meaning (OSHB) {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
offend

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:tanakh:816:m1:1
# text = offend
1	offend	offend	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offend** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning (BDB 1906) {#m2}

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vb. offend, be guilty

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:tanakh:816:m2:1
# text = vb. offend, be guilty
1	vb	vb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
3	offend	offend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
6	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offend** | infinitive | vb |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | infinitive | vb *not said here* |  |  |  |  | guilty *property* | tree rules |

## MACULA's glosses {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
he will be guilty; they will be held guilty; he was guilty

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:tanakh:816:m3:1
# text = he will be guilty; they will be held guilty; he was guilty
1	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	cop	_	_
4	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
10	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | future | he |  |  |  |  | guilty *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **hold** | future · passive |  | they |  |  |  | guilty *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past | he |  |  |  |  | guilty *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the English meanings of the Tanakh dictionary: the OpenScriptures lexical index (CC BY 4.0), Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906 (public domain, via Sefaria) as their short meanings, and MACULA Hebrew's glosses (CC BY 4.0) when they read as English; the whole entries, dense with abbreviations and Hebrew, are not parsed. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Trees and frames: Elamur Cosmic License.

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