---
title: גִּדּוּף — Tanakh dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «גִּדּוּף» in the Tanakh dictionary: revile. Every English meaning with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# גִּדּוּף

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**Who acts:** you · **What happens:** revile

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«גִּדּוּף‎» in the Tanakh dictionary: its 3 English meanings, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its verses: [גִּדּוּף‎ in the Tanakh dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/w/1421.md).

## Meaning (OSHB) {#m1}

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revile

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:tanakh:1421:m1:1
# text = revile
1	revile	revile	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **revile** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning (BDB 1906) {#m2}

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n.m.pl. revilings, reviling words

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:tanakh:1421:m2:1
# text = n.m.pl. revilings, reviling words
1	n.m.pl	n.m.pl	INTJ	UH	_	3	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
3	revilings	reviling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	reviling	revile	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **revile** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## MACULA's glosses {#m3}

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reviling words; the reviling words; their reviling

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:tanakh:1421:m3:1
# text = reviling words; the reviling words; their reviling
1	reviling	revile	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	amod	_	_
2	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	reviling	revile	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	reviling	reviling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **revile** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **revile** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the English meanings of the Tanakh dictionary: the OpenScriptures lexical index (CC BY 4.0), Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906 (public domain, via Sefaria) as their short meanings, and MACULA Hebrew's glosses (CC BY 4.0) when they read as English; the whole entries, dense with abbreviations and Hebrew, are not parsed. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Trees and frames: Elamur Cosmic License.

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