---
title: חָשַׁךְ — Tanakh dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «חָשַׁךְ» in the Tanakh dictionary: be or grow dark. Every English meaning with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# חָשַׁךְ

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**Who acts:** you, I, he · **What happens:** be, grow, make

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«חָשַׁךְ‎» in the Tanakh dictionary: its 3 English meanings, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its verses: [חָשַׁךְ‎ in the Tanakh dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/w/2821.md).

## Meaning (OSHB) {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
be or grow dark

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:tanakh:2821:m1:1
# text = be or grow dark
1	be	be	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	grow	grow	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
4	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **grow** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning (BDB 1906) {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
vb. be, grow dark

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:tanakh:2821:m2:1
# text = vb. be, grow dark
1	vb	vb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	grow	grow	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vb *vocative*; dark, grow *property* | tree rules |

## MACULA's glosses {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I will make dark; is making dark; he made dark

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:tanakh:2821:m3:1
# text = I will make dark; is making dark; he made dark
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
8	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
12	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | future | I |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **make** | present · progressive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **make** | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the English meanings of the Tanakh dictionary: the OpenScriptures lexical index (CC BY 4.0), Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906 (public domain, via Sefaria) as their short meanings, and MACULA Hebrew's glosses (CC BY 4.0) when they read as English; the whole entries, dense with abbreviations and Hebrew, are not parsed. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Trees and frames: Elamur Cosmic License.

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