---
title: כָּלַם — Tanakh dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «כָּלַם» in the Tanakh dictionary: be humiliated. Every English meaning with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# כָּלַם

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**What happens:** humiliate · **To what, where:** they

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«כָּלַם‎» in the Tanakh dictionary: its 3 English meanings, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its verses: [כָּלַם‎ in the Tanakh dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/w/3637.md).

## Meaning (OSHB) {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
be humiliated

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:tanakh:3637:m1:1
# text = be humiliated
1	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	aux:pass	_	_
2	humiliated	humiliate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **humiliate** | infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning (BDB 1906) {#m2}

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vb. Niph. Hoph. Hiph. Hiph.

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*Sentence 1:* vb.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:tanakh:3637:m2:1
# text = vb.
1	vb	vb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

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The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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*Sentence 2:* Niph.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:tanakh:3637:m2:2
# text = Niph.
1	Niph	Niph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

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The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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*Sentence 3:* Hoph.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:tanakh:3637:m2:3
# text = Hoph.
1	Hoph	Hoph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

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The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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*Sentence 4:* Hiph.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:tanakh:3637:m2:4
# text = Hiph.
1	Hiph	Hiph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

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The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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*Sentence 5:* Hiph.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:tanakh:3637:m2:5
# text = Hiph.
1	Hiph	Hiph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

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The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## MACULA's glosses {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
humiliated; may they be humiliated; you

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:tanakh:3637:m3:1
# text = humiliated; may they be humiliated; you
1	humiliated	humiliate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
3	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	humiliated	humiliate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **humiliate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **humiliate** | may · passive |  | they |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer you=Result |

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**Text:** the English meanings of the Tanakh dictionary: the OpenScriptures lexical index (CC BY 4.0), Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906 (public domain, via Sefaria) as their short meanings, and MACULA Hebrew's glosses (CC BY 4.0) when they read as English; the whole entries, dense with abbreviations and Hebrew, are not parsed. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Trees and frames: Elamur Cosmic License.

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