---
title: 1 Chronicles 1:8 — The sons of Ham: Cush, and Mizraim, Put, and Canaan. · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics
description: The sons of Ham: Cush, and Mizraim, Put, and Canaan. 1 Chronicles 1:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Chronicles 1:8 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים א

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This is 1 Chronicles 1:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: what happens in the verse, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand  the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 29 chapters of 1 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

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בְּנֵ֖י חָ֑ם כּ֥וּשׁ וּמִצְרַ֖יִם פּ֥וּט וּכְנָֽעַן׃

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[The sons of Ham: Cush, and Mizraim, Put, and Canaan.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.7/)

## The tree {#tree}

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Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

```conllu rtl gloss
# sent_id = wlc:1CH:7
# text = בְּנֵ֖י חָ֑ם כּ֥וּשׁ וּמִצְרַ֖יִם פּ֥וּט וּכְנָֽעַן׃
# verse = 1CH.1.8
1	בְּנֵ֖י	בֵּן	NOUN	_	Gender=Masc|Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	Gloss=the.sons|Ref=1CH_1:8!1|MId=o130010080011|Strong=1121
2	חָ֑ם	חָם	PROPN	_	_	1	compound:smixut	_	Gloss=of.Ham|Ref=1CH_1:8!2|MId=o130010080021|Strong=2526
3	כּ֥וּשׁ	כּוּשׁ	PROPN	_	_	0	root	_	Gloss=[were].Cush|Ref=1CH_1:8!3|MId=o130010080031|Strong=3568
4-5	וּמִצְרַ֖יִם	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_
4	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	_	5	cc	_	Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_1:8!4|MId=o130010080041|Strong=2050b
5	מִצְרַ֖יִם	מִצְרַיִם	PROPN	_	_	3	conj	_	Gloss=Mizraim|Ref=1CH_1:8!4|MId=o130010080042|Strong=4714
6	פּ֥וּט	פּוּט	PROPN	_	_	3	conj	_	Gloss=Put|Ref=1CH_1:8!5|MId=o130010080051|Strong=6316
7-8	וּכְנָֽעַן	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_
7	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	_	8	cc	_	Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_1:8!6|MId=o130010080061|Strong=2050b
8	כְנָֽעַן	כְּנַעַן	PROPN	_	_	3	conj	_	Gloss=Canaan|Ref=1CH_1:8!6|MId=o130010080062|Strong=3667
9	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	_	8	punct	_	Ref=1CH_1:8!6
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- speech: narration
- negation: no

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MACULA marks no verb frame in this verse.

## English, JPS 1917 {#english}

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Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

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1. [The sons of Ham: Cush, and Mizraim, Put, and Canaan.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.7/)

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**Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

**English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence `wlc:1CH:7`.

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