--- title: 1 Chronicles 10:4 — Then said Saul unto his armour-bearer: 'Draw thy sword, and thrust m… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then said Saul unto his armour-bearer: 'Draw thy sword, and thrust me through therewith; lest these uncircumcised come and make a mock of me.' But his armour-bearer would not; for he was sore afraid. Therefore Saul took his sword, and fell upon it. Who acts: Saul, uncircumcised. 1 Chronicles 10:4 in --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.10.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [1 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/10/) / 10:4 # 1 Chronicles 10:4 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים א **Who acts:** Saul, uncircumcised · **What happens:** say, draw, thrust, come, make, be · **To what, where:** sword, me, mock · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Chronicles 10:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Saul, uncircumcised — and what happens in the verse to sword, me, mock, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 29 chapters of 1 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁאוּל֩ אֶל־נֹשֵׂ֨א כֵלָ֜יו שְׁלֹ֥ף חַרְבְּךָ֣ ׀ וְדָקְרֵ֣נִי בָ֗הּ פֶּן־יָבֹ֜אוּ הָעֲרֵלִ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ וְהִתְעַלְּלוּ־בִ֔י וְלֹ֤א אָבָה֙ נֹשֵׂ֣א כֵלָ֔יו כִּ֥י יָרֵ֖א מְאֹ֑דס וַיִּקַּ֤ח שָׁאוּל֙ אֶת־הַחֶ֔רֶב וַיִּפֹּ֖ל עָלֶֽיהָ׃ [Then said Saul unto his armour-bearer: 'Draw thy sword, and thrust me through therewith; lest these uncircumcised come and make a mock of me.' But his armour-bearer would not; for he was sore afraid.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.461/) [Therefore Saul took his sword, and fell upon it.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.462/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1CH:410 # text = וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁאוּל֩ אֶל־נֹשֵׂ֨א כֵלָ֜יו שְׁלֹ֥ף חַרְבְּךָ֣ ׀ וְדָקְרֵ֣נִי בָ֗הּ פֶּן־יָבֹ֜אוּ הָעֲרֵלִ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ וְהִתְעַלְּלוּ־בִ֔י וְלֹ֤א אָבָה֙ נֹשֵׂ֣א כֵלָ֔יו כִּ֥י יָרֵ֖א מְאֹ֑דס וַיִּקַּ֤ח שָׁאוּל֙ אֶת־הַחֶ֔רֶב וַיִּפֹּ֖ל עָלֶֽיהָ׃ # verse = 1CH.10.4 1-2 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_10:4!1|MId=o130100040011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1CH_10:4!1|MId=o130100040012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:130100040021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שָׁאוּל֩ שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1CH_10:4!2|MId=o130100040021|Strong=7586 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1CH_10:4!3|MId=o130100040031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5 נֹשֵׂ֨א נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 advcl _ Gloss=the.bearer|Ref=1CH_10:4!4|MId=o130100040041|Strong=5375|Frame=A1:130100040051;|Type=participle_active 6-7 כֵלָ֜יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 כֵלָ֜י כְּלִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.armor(s)|Ref=1CH_10:4!5|MId=o130100040051|Strong=3627 7 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1CH_10:4!5|MId=o130100040052|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 8 שְׁלֹ֥ף שָׁלַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=draw|Ref=1CH_10:4!6|MId=o130100040061|Strong=8025|Frame=A0:130100040041;A1:130100040071;|Type=imperative 9-10 חַרְבְּךָ֣ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 חַרְבּ חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 obj _ Gloss=sword|Ref=1CH_10:4!7|MId=o130100040071|Strong=2719 10 ְךָ֣ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1CH_10:4!7|MId=o130100040072|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 11 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 10 punct _ Ref=1CH_10:4!7 12-14 וְדָקְרֵ֣נִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_10:4!8|MId=o130100040081|Strong=2050b 13 דָקְר דָּקַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 8 conj _ Gloss=pierce|Ref=1CH_10:4!8|MId=o130100040082|Strong=1856|Frame=A0:130100040041;A1:130100040083;|Type=imperative 14 ֵ֣נִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 13 obj _ Gloss=me.through|Ref=1CH_10:4!8|MId=o130100040083|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 15-16 בָ֗הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1CH_10:4!9|MId=o130100040091|Strong=0871a 16 ָ֗הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=1CH_10:4!9|MId=o130100040092|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 17 פֶּן־ פֶּן SCONJ _ _ 18 mark _ Gloss=lest|Ref=1CH_10:4!10|MId=o130100040101|Strong=6435|SpaceAfter=No 18 יָבֹ֜אוּ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 8 advcl _ Gloss=they.should.come|Ref=1CH_10:4!11|MId=o130100040111|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:130100040122;|Type=yiqtol 19-20 הָעֲרֵלִ֤ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the.uncircumcised|Ref=1CH_10:4!12|MId=o130100040121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 עֲרֵלִ֤ים עָרֵל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ Gloss=[men]|Ref=1CH_10:4!12|MId=o130100040122|Strong=6189|Type=adjective 21-22 הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1CH_10:4!13|MId=o130100040131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 אֵ֙לֶּה֙ אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 20 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=1CH_10:4!13|MId=o130100040132|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 23-24 וְהִתְעַלְּלוּ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_10:4!14|MId=o130100040141|Strong=2050b 24 הִתְעַלְּלוּ־ עָלַל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 8 conj _ Gloss=they.will.deal.wantonly|Ref=1CH_10:4!14|MId=o130100040142|Strong=5953|Frame=A0:130100040122;|Type=weqatal 25-26 בִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1CH_10:4!15|MId=o130100040151|Strong=0871a 26 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 24 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1CH_10:4!15|MId=o130100040152|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 27-28 וְלֹ֤א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_10:4!16|MId=o130100040161|Strong=2050b 28 לֹ֤א לֹא ADV _ _ 29 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1CH_10:4!16|MId=o130100040162|Strong=3808|Type=negative 29 אָבָה֙ אָבָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 conj _ Gloss=he.was.willing|Ref=1CH_10:4!17|MId=o130100040171|Strong=0014|Frame=A0:130100040181;|Type=qatal 30 נֹשֵׂ֣א נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ Gloss=the.bearer|Ref=1CH_10:4!18|MId=o130100040181|Strong=5375|Frame=A1:130100040191;|Type=participle_active 31-32 כֵלָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 כֵלָ֔י כְּלִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 30 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.armor(s)|Ref=1CH_10:4!19|MId=o130100040191|Strong=3627 32 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1CH_10:4!19|MId=o130100040192|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 33 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 34 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1CH_10:4!20|MId=o130100040201|Strong=3588 34 יָרֵ֖א יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 advcl _ Gloss=he.was.afraid|Ref=1CH_10:4!21|MId=o130100040211|Strong=3372|Frame=A0:130100040181;|Type=qatal 35 מְאֹ֑ד מְאֹד ADV _ _ 34 advmod _ Gloss=exceedingly|Ref=1CH_10:4!22|MId=o130100040221|Strong=3966|SpaceAfter=No 36 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=1CH_10:4!22 37-38 וַיִּקַּ֤ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_10:4!23|MId=o130100040231|Strong=2050b 38 יִּקַּ֤ח לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.took|Ref=1CH_10:4!23|MId=o130100040232|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:130100040251;A1:130100040272;|Type=wayyiqtol 39 שָׁאוּל֙ שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 38 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1CH_10:4!24|MId=o130100040241|Strong=7586 40 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1CH_10:4!25|MId=o130100040251|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 41-42 הַחֶ֔רֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 42 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1CH_10:4!26|MId=o130100040261|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 42 חֶ֔רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 38 obj _ Gloss=sword|Ref=1CH_10:4!26|MId=o130100040262|Strong=2719 43-44 וַיִּפֹּ֖ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 44 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_10:4!27|MId=o130100040271|Strong=2050b 44 יִּפֹּ֖ל נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.fell|Ref=1CH_10:4!27|MId=o130100040272|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:130100040251;|Type=wayyiqtol 45-46 עָלֶֽיהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 עָלֶֽי עַל ADP _ _ 46 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1CH_10:4!28|MId=o130100040281|Strong=5921 46 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=1CH_10:4!28|MId=o130100040282|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 47 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 46 punct _ Ref=1CH_10:4!28 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | נֹשֵׂא *the bearer* | participle active · qal | | כֵלָי *his armor(s)* | | | | שְׁלֹף *draw* | imperative · qal | נֹשֵׂא *the bearer* | חַרְבּ *sword* | | | | דָקְר *pierce* | imperative · qal | נֹשֵׂא *the bearer* | ֵנִי *me through* | | | | יָבֹאוּ *they should come* | yiqtol · qal | עֲרֵלִים *\[men\]* | | | | | הִתְעַלְּלוּ־ *they will deal wantonly* | weqatal · hithpael | עֲרֵלִים *\[men\]* | | | | | **not** אָבָה *he was willing* | qatal · qal | נֹשֵׂא *the bearer* | | | | | נֹשֵׂא *the bearer* | participle active · qal | | כֵלָי *his armor(s)* | | | | יָרֵא *he was afraid* | qatal · qal | נֹשֵׂא *the bearer* | | | | | יִּקַּח *he took* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֶת־ *(et)* | יִּפֹּל *he fell* | | | | יִּפֹּל *he fell* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֶת־ *(et)* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then said Saul unto his armour-bearer: 'Draw thy sword, and thrust me through therewith; lest these uncircumcised come and make a mock of me.' But his armour-bearer would not; for he was sore afraid.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.461/) 2. [Therefore Saul took his sword, and fell upon it.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.462/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1CH:410`. - ← previous: [1 Chronicles 10:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.10.3/) - next →: [1 Chronicles 10:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.10.5/) - ↑ back to [1 Chronicles 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/10/)