--- title: 1 Chronicles 11:20 — And Abishai, the brother of Joab, he was chief of the three; for he… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Abishai, the brother of Joab, he was chief of the three; for he lifted up his spear against three hundred and slew them, and had a name among the three. Who acts: Joab. 1 Chronicles 11:20 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.11.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [1 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/) / [chapter 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/11/) / 11:20 # 1 Chronicles 11:20 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים א **Who acts:** Joab · **What happens:** be, lift up, slay, have · **To what, where:** chief, spear, three hundred, men, name This is 1 Chronicles 11:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joab — and what happens in the verse to chief, spear, three hundred, men, name, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 29 chapters of 1 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאַבְשַׁ֣י אֲחִֽי־יוֹאָ֗ב ה֤וּאהָיָה֙ רֹ֣אשׁ הַשְּׁלוֹשָׁ֔ה וְהוּא֙ עוֹרֵ֣ר אֶת־חֲנִית֔וֹ עַל־שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת חָלָ֑ל וְלוֹ־שֵׁ֖ם בַּשְּׁלוֹשָֽׁה׃ [And Abishai, the brother of Joab, he was chief of the three; for he lifted up his spear against three hundred and slew them, and had a name among the three.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.493/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1CH:440 # text = וְאַבְשַׁ֣י אֲחִֽי־יוֹאָ֗ב ה֤וּאהָיָה֙ רֹ֣אשׁ הַשְּׁלוֹשָׁ֔ה וְהוּא֙ עוֹרֵ֣ר אֶת־חֲנִית֔וֹ עַל־שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת חָלָ֑ל וְלוֹ־שֵׁ֖ם בַּשְּׁלוֹשָֽׁה׃ # verse = 1CH.11.20 1-2 וְאַבְשַׁ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_11:20!1|MId=o130110200011|Strong=2050b 2 אַבְשַׁ֣י אַבְשַׁי PROPN _ _ 7 dislocated _ Gloss=Abishai|Ref=1CH_11:20!1|MId=o130110200012|Strong=0052 3 אֲחִֽי־ אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 appos _ Gloss=the.brother|Ref=1CH_11:20!2|MId=o130110200021|Strong=0251|SpaceAfter=No 4 יוֹאָ֗ב יוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Joab|Ref=1CH_11:20!3|MId=o130110200031|Strong=3097 5-6 ה֤וּאהָיָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 ה֤וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1CH_11:20!4|MId=o130110200041|Strong=1931|Type=personal 6 הָיָה֙ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 cop _ Gloss=he.was|Ref=1CH_11:20!5|MId=o130110200051|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:130110200041;|Type=qatal 7 רֹ֣אשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=the.chief|Ref=1CH_11:20!6|MId=o130110200061|Strong=7218 8-9 הַשְּׁלוֹשָׁ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1CH_11:20!7|MId=o130110200071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 שְּׁלוֹשָׁ֔ה שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.three|Ref=1CH_11:20!7|MId=o130110200072|Strong=7969|Type=cardinal_number 10-11 וְהוּא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_11:20!8|MId=o130110200081|Strong=2050b 11 הוּא֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1CH_11:20!8|MId=o130110200082|Strong=1931|Type=personal 12 עוֹרֵ֣ר עוּר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=POLEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 conj _ Gloss=he.wielded|Ref=1CH_11:20!9|MId=o130110200091|Strong=5782|Frame=A0:130110200082;A1:130110200111;|Type=qatal 13 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1CH_11:20!10|MId=o130110200101|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 14-15 חֲנִית֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 חֲנִית חֲנִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 obj _ Gloss=spear|Ref=1CH_11:20!11|MId=o130110200111|Strong=2595 15 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1CH_11:20!11|MId=o130110200112|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 16 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1CH_11:20!12|MId=o130110200121|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 17 שְׁלֹ֥שׁ שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 nummod _ Gloss=three|Ref=1CH_11:20!13|MId=o130110200131|Strong=7969|Type=cardinal_number 18 מֵא֖וֹת מֵאָה NUM _ Number=Plur 17 flat _ Gloss=hundred(s)|Ref=1CH_11:20!14|MId=o130110200141|Strong=3967|Type=cardinal_number 19 חָלָ֑ל חָלָל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=slain|Ref=1CH_11:20!15|MId=o130110200151|Strong=2491|Type=adjective 20-22 וְלוֹ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and.[belonged]|Ref=1CH_11:20!17|MId=o130110200171|Strong=2050b 21 ל לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1CH_11:20!17|MId=o130110200172|Strong=3807a 22 וֹ־ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 conj _ Gloss=him|Ref=1CH_11:20!17|MId=o130110200173|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 23 שֵׁ֖ם שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ Gloss=a.name|Ref=1CH_11:20!18|MId=o130110200181|Strong=8034 24-26 בַּשְּׁלוֹשָֽׁה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=among|Ref=1CH_11:20!19|MId=o130110200191|Strong=0871a 25 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1CH_11:20!19|MId=o130110200191ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 שְּׁלוֹשָֽׁה שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=three|Ref=1CH_11:20!19|MId=o130110200192|Strong=7969|Type=cardinal_number 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=1CH_11:20!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הָיָה *he was* | qatal · qal | הוּא *he* | | | | | עוֹרֵר *he wielded* | qatal · polel | הוּא *he* | חֲנִית *spear* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Abishai, the brother of Joab, he was chief of the three; for he lifted up his spear against three hundred and slew them, and had a name among the three.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.493/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1CH:440`. - ← previous: [1 Chronicles 11:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.11.19/) - next →: [1 Chronicles 11:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.11.21/) - ↑ back to [1 Chronicles 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/11/)