--- title: 1 Chronicles 12:1 — Now these are they that came to David to Ziklag, while he was yet sh… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now these are they that came to David to Ziklag, while he was yet shut up because of Saul the son of Kish; and they were among the mighty men, his helpers in war. Who acts: these, they. 1 Chronicles 12:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.12.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [1 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/12/) / 12:1 # 1 Chronicles 12:1 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים א **Who acts:** these, they · **What happens:** be, come, shut up · **To what, where:** they, Ziklag, David This is 1 Chronicles 12:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — these, they — and what happens in the verse to they, Ziklag, David, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 29 chapters of 1 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאֵ֗לֶּה הַבָּאִ֤ים אֶל־דָּוִיד֙ לְצִ֣יקְלַ֔ג ע֣וֹד עָצ֔וּר מִפְּנֵ֖י שָׁא֣וּל בֶּן־קִ֑ישׁ וְהֵ֙מָּה֙ בַּגִּבּוֹרִ֔ים עֹזְרֵ֖י הַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ [Now these are they that came to David to Ziklag, while he was yet shut up because of Saul the son of Kish; and they were among the mighty men, his helpers in war.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.521/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1CH:468 # text = וְאֵ֗לֶּה הַבָּאִ֤ים אֶל־דָּוִיד֙ לְצִ֣יקְלַ֔ג ע֣וֹד עָצ֔וּר מִפְּנֵ֖י שָׁא֣וּל בֶּן־קִ֑ישׁ וְהֵ֙מָּה֙ בַּגִּבּוֹרִ֔ים עֹזְרֵ֖י הַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ # verse = 1CH.12.1 1-2 וְאֵ֗לֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_12:1!1|MId=o130120010011|Strong=2050b 2 אֵ֗לֶּה אֵלֶּה PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 0 root _ Gloss=these|Ref=1CH_12:1!1|MId=o130120010012|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 3-4 הַבָּאִ֤ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 4 mark _ Gloss=[were].the|Ref=1CH_12:1!2|MId=o130120010021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 בָּאִ֤ים בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=[ones.who].came|Ref=1CH_12:1!2|MId=o130120010022|Strong=0935|Type=participle_active 5 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1CH_12:1!3|MId=o130120010031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 6 דָּוִיד֙ דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 4 obl _ Gloss=David|Ref=1CH_12:1!4|MId=o130120010041|Strong=1732 7-8 לְצִ֣יקְלַ֔ג _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1CH_12:1!5|MId=o130120010051|Strong=3807a 8 צִ֣יקְלַ֔ג צִקְלַג PROPN _ _ 4 obl _ Gloss=Ziklag|Ref=1CH_12:1!5|MId=o130120010052|Strong=6860 9 ע֣וֹד עוֹד ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=still|Ref=1CH_12:1!6|MId=o130120010061|Strong=5750 10 עָצ֔וּר עָצַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 9 acl _ Gloss=[he.was].kept.back|Ref=1CH_12:1!7|MId=o130120010071|Strong=6113|Frame=A1:130120010041;|Type=participle_passive 11-12 מִפְּנֵ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1CH_12:1!8|MId=o130120010081|Strong=4480 12 פְּנֵ֖י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 10 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=1CH_12:1!8|MId=o130120010082|Strong=6440 13 שָׁא֣וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1CH_12:1!9|MId=o130120010091|Strong=7586 14 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=1CH_12:1!10|MId=o130120010101|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 15 קִ֑ישׁ קִישׁ PROPN _ _ 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Kish|Ref=1CH_12:1!11|MId=o130120010111|Strong=7027 16-17 וְהֵ֙מָּה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_12:1!12|MId=o130120010121|Strong=2050b 17 הֵ֙מָּה֙ הֵמָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=1CH_12:1!12|MId=o130120010122|Strong=1992|Type=personal 18-20 בַּגִּבּוֹרִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=[were].among|Ref=1CH_12:1!13|MId=o130120010131|Strong=0871a 19 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1CH_12:1!13|MId=o130120010131ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 גִּבּוֹרִ֔ים גִּבּוֹר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 conj _ Gloss=warriors|Ref=1CH_12:1!13|MId=o130120010132|Strong=1368|Type=adjective 21 עֹזְרֵ֖י עָזַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 20 appos _ Gloss=[who].helped|Ref=1CH_12:1!14|MId=o130120010141|Strong=5826|Frame=A0:130120010133;A1:130120010152;|Type=participle_active 22-23 הַמִּלְחָמָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1CH_12:1!15|MId=o130120010151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 מִּלְחָמָֽה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.war|Ref=1CH_12:1!15|MId=o130120010152|Strong=4421 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=1CH_12:1!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עָצוּר *\[he was\] kept back* | participle passive · qal | | דָּוִיד *David* | | | | עֹזְרֵי *\[who\] helped* | participle active · qal | | מִּלְחָמָֽה *the war* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now these are they that came to David to Ziklag, while he was yet shut up because of Saul the son of Kish; and they were among the mighty men, his helpers in war.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.521/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1CH:468`. - ← previous: [1 Chronicles 11:47](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.11.47/) - next →: [1 Chronicles 12:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.12.2/) - ↑ back to [1 Chronicles 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/12/)