--- title: 1 Chronicles 12:16 — These are they that went over the Jordan in the first month, when it… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: These are they that went over the Jordan in the first month, when it had overflown all its banks; and they put to flight all them of the valleys, both toward the east, and toward the west. Who acts: These, Jordan, captains. 1 Chronicles 12:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the prag --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.12.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [1 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/12/) / 12:16 # 1 Chronicles 12:16 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים א **Who acts:** These, Jordan, captains · **What happens:** be, go, overfly, put · **To what, where:** captains, Jordan, banks This is 1 Chronicles 12:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — These, Jordan, captains — and what happens in the verse to captains, Jordan, banks, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 29 chapters of 1 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אֵ֣לֶּה הֵ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָבְר֤וּ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֔וֹן וְה֥וּא מְמַלֵּ֖א עַל־כָּל־גְּדוֹתָ֑יו וַיַּבְרִ֙יחוּ֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָ֣עֲמָקִ֔ים לַמִּזְרָ֖ח וְלַֽמַּעֲרָֽב׃ס [These are they that went over the Jordan in the first month, when it had overflown all its banks; and they put to flight all them of the valleys, both toward the east, and toward the west.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.535/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1CH:483 # text = אֵ֣לֶּה הֵ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָבְר֤וּ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֔וֹן וְה֥וּא מְמַלֵּ֖א עַל־כָּל־גְּדוֹתָ֑יו וַיַּבְרִ֙יחוּ֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָ֣עֲמָקִ֔ים לַמִּזְרָ֖ח וְלַֽמַּעֲרָֽב׃ס # verse = 1CH.12.16 1 אֵ֣לֶּה אֵלֶּה PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 4 dislocated _ Gloss=these|Ref=1CH_12:16!1|MId=o130120160011|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 2 הֵ֗ם הֵם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ Gloss=[were].they|Ref=1CH_12:16!2|MId=o130120160021|Strong=1992|Type=personal 3 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 4 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=1CH_12:16!3|MId=o130120160031|Strong=0834|Type=relative 4 עָבְר֤וּ עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.passed.over|Ref=1CH_12:16!4|MId=o130120160041|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:130120100011;130120100031;130120100051;130120110011;130120110031;130120120011;130120120031;130120130011;130120130031;130120140011;130120140041;|Type=qatal 5 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1CH_12:16!5|MId=o130120160051|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 6-7 הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1CH_12:16!6|MId=o130120160061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 יַּרְדֵּן֙ יַרְדֵּן PROPN _ _ 4 obl _ Gloss=Jordan|Ref=1CH_12:16!6|MId=o130120160062|Strong=3383 8-10 בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1CH_12:16!7|MId=o130120160071|Strong=0871a 9 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1CH_12:16!7|MId=o130120160071ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 חֹ֣דֶשׁ חֹדֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 obl _ Gloss=month|Ref=1CH_12:16!7|MId=o130120160072|Strong=2320 11-12 הָרִאשׁ֔וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1CH_12:16!8|MId=o130120160081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 רִאשׁ֔וֹן רִאשׁוֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 amod _ Gloss=first|Ref=1CH_12:16!8|MId=o130120160082|Strong=7223|Type=ordinal_number 13-14 וְה֥וּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_12:16!9|MId=o130120160091|Strong=2050b 14 ה֥וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=1CH_12:16!9|MId=o130120160092|Strong=1931|Type=personal 15 מְמַלֵּ֖א מָלֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing 4 conj _ Gloss=[was].overflowing|Ref=1CH_12:16!10|MId=o130120160101|Strong=4390|Frame=A0:130120160092;|Type=participle_active 16 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=1CH_12:16!11|MId=o130120160111|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 17 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=1CH_12:16!12|MId=o130120160121|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 18-19 גְּדוֹתָ֑יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 גְּדוֹתָ֑י גִּדְיָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=banks|Ref=1CH_12:16!14|MId=o130120160141|Strong=1415 19 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=1CH_12:16!14|MId=o130120160142|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 20-21 וַיַּבְרִ֙יחוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_12:16!15|MId=o130120160151|Strong=2050b 21 יַּבְרִ֙יחוּ֙ בָּרַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=they.put.to.flight|Ref=1CH_12:16!15|MId=o130120160152|Strong=1272|Frame=AA:130120100011;130120100031;130120100051;130120110011;130120110031;130120120011;130120120031;130120130011;130120130031;130120140011;130120140041;A0:130120160182;|Type=wayyiqtol 22 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1CH_12:16!16|MId=o130120160161|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 23 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=1CH_12:16!17|MId=o130120160171|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 24-25 הָ֣עֲמָקִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הָ֣ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1CH_12:16!18|MId=o130120160181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 עֲמָקִ֔ים עֵמֶק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=valleys|Ref=1CH_12:16!18|MId=o130120160182|Strong=6010 26-28 לַמִּזְרָ֖ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1CH_12:16!19|MId=o130120160191|Strong=3807a 27 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1CH_12:16!19|MId=o130120160191ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 מִּזְרָ֖ח מִזְרָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=east|Ref=1CH_12:16!19|MId=o130120160192|Strong=4217 29-32 וְלַֽמַּעֲרָֽב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_12:16!20|MId=o130120160201|Strong=2050b 30 לַֽ לְ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1CH_12:16!20|MId=o130120160202|Strong=3807a 31 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1CH_12:16!20|MId=o130120160202ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 מַּעֲרָֽב מַעֲרָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 conj _ Gloss=west|Ref=1CH_12:16!20|MId=o130120160203|Strong=4628 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=1CH_12:16!20|SpaceAfter=No 34 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=1CH_12:16!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עָבְרוּ *they passed over* | qatal · qal | | | | | | מְמַלֵּא *\[was\] overflowing* | participle active · piel | הוּא *it* | | | | | יַּבְרִיחוּ *they put to flight* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | עֲמָקִים *valleys* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [These are they that went over the Jordan in the first month, when it had overflown all its banks; and they put to flight all them of the valleys, both toward the east, and toward the west.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.535/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1CH:483`. - ← previous: [1 Chronicles 12:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.12.15/) - next →: [1 Chronicles 12:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.12.17/) - ↑ back to [1 Chronicles 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/12/)