--- title: 1 Chronicles 12:18 — And David went out to meet them, and answered and said unto them: 'I… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And David went out to meet them, and answered and said unto them: 'If ye be come peaceably unto me to help me, my heart shall be knit unto you; but if ye be come to betray me to mine adversaries, seeing there is no wrong in my hands, the God of our fathers look thereon, and give judgment.' Who acts: --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.12.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [1 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/12/) / 12:18 # 1 Chronicles 12:18 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים א **Who acts:** David, ye, God, wrong · **What happens:** go out, meet, answer, say, come, help · **To what, where:** children, me, heart, hands, judgment · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Chronicles 12:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, ye, God, wrong — and what happens in the verse to children, me, heart, hands, judgment, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 29 chapters of 1 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֵּצֵ֣א דָוִיד֮ לִפְנֵיהֶם֒ וַיַּ֙עַן֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֔ם אִם־לְשָׁל֞וֹם בָּאתֶ֤ם אֵלַי֙ לְעָזְרֵ֔נִי יִֽהְיֶה־לִּ֧י עֲלֵיכֶ֛ם לֵבָ֖ב לְיָ֑חַד וְאִֽם־לְרַמּוֹתַ֣נִי לְצָרַ֗י בְּלֹ֤א חָמָס֙ בְּכַפַּ֔י יֵ֛רֶא אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵ֖ינוּ וְיוֹכַֽח׃ס [And David went out to meet them, and answered and said unto them: 'If ye be come peaceably unto me to help me, my heart shall be knit unto you; but if ye be come to betray me to mine adversaries, seeing there is no wrong in my hands, the God of our fathers look thereon, and give judgment.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.537/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1CH:485 # text = וַיֵּצֵ֣א דָוִיד֮ לִפְנֵיהֶם֒ וַיַּ֙עַן֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֔ם אִם־לְשָׁל֞וֹם בָּאתֶ֤ם אֵלַי֙ לְעָזְרֵ֔נִי יִֽהְיֶה־לִּ֧י עֲלֵיכֶ֛ם לֵבָ֖ב לְיָ֑חַד וְאִֽם־לְרַמּוֹתַ֣נִי לְצָרַ֗י בְּלֹ֤א חָמָס֙ בְּכַפַּ֔י יֵ֛רֶא אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵ֖ינוּ וְיוֹכַֽח׃ס # verse = 1CH.12.18 1-2 וַיֵּצֵ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_12:18!1|MId=o130120180011|Strong=2050b 2 יֵּצֵ֣א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.went.out|Ref=1CH_12:18!1|MId=o130120180012|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:130120180021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָוִיד֮ דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1CH_12:18!2|MId=o130120180021|Strong=1732 4-6 לִפְנֵיהֶם֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=1CH_12:18!3|MId=o130120180031|Strong=3807a 5 פְנֵי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=1CH_12:18!3|MId=o130120180032|Strong=6440 6 הֶם֒ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=them|Ref=1CH_12:18!3|MId=o130120180033|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 7-8 וַיַּ֙עַן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_12:18!4|MId=o130120180041|Strong=2050b 8 יַּ֙עַן֙ עָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.answered|Ref=1CH_12:18!4|MId=o130120180042|Strong=6030|Frame=A0:130120180021;|Type=wayyiqtol 9-10 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_12:18!5|MId=o130120180051|Strong=2050b 10 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1CH_12:18!5|MId=o130120180052|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:130120180021;|Type=wayyiqtol 11-12 לָהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 ל לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1CH_12:18!6|MId=o130120180061|Strong=3807a 12 ָהֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=1CH_12:18!6|MId=o130120180062|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 13 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=if|Ref=1CH_12:18!7|MId=o130120180071|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 14-15 לְשָׁל֞וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1CH_12:18!8|MId=o130120180081|Strong=3807a 15 שָׁל֞וֹם שָׁלוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=peace|Ref=1CH_12:18!8|MId=o130120180082|Strong=7965 16 בָּאתֶ֤ם בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 29 advcl _ Gloss=you.have.come|Ref=1CH_12:18!9|MId=o130120180091|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:130120170031;|Type=qatal 17-18 אֵלַי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 אֵל אֶל ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1CH_12:18!10|MId=o130120180101|Strong=0413 18 ַי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1CH_12:18!10|MId=o130120180102|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 19-21 לְעָזְרֵ֔נִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1CH_12:18!11|MId=o130120180111|Strong=3807a 20 עָזְר עָזַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 16 advcl _ Gloss=help|Ref=1CH_12:18!11|MId=o130120180112|Strong=5826|Frame=A0:130120170031;A1:130120180113;|Type=infinitive_construct 21 ֵ֔נִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 20 obj _ Gloss=me|Ref=1CH_12:18!11|MId=o130120180113|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 22 יִֽהְיֶה־ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 29 cop _ Gloss=it.will.belong|Ref=1CH_12:18!12|MId=o130120180121|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:130120180151;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 23-24 לִּ֧י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 לּ לְ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1CH_12:18!13|MId=o130120180131|Strong=3807a 24 ִ֧י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 29 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1CH_12:18!13|MId=o130120180132|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 25-26 עֲלֵיכֶ֛ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 עֲלֵי עַל ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=towards|Ref=1CH_12:18!14|MId=o130120180141|Strong=5921 26 כֶ֛ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 29 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=1CH_12:18!14|MId=o130120180142|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 27 לֵבָ֖ב לֵבָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ Gloss=a.heart|Ref=1CH_12:18!15|MId=o130120180151|Strong=3824 28-29 לְיָ֑חַד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1CH_12:18!16|MId=o130120180161|Strong=3807a 29 יָ֑חַד יַחַד ADV _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 ccomp _ Gloss=unity|Ref=1CH_12:18!16|MId=o130120180162|Strong=3162 30-31 וְאִֽם־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 44 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_12:18!17|MId=o130120180171|Strong=2050b 31 אִֽם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 33 mark _ Gloss=if|Ref=1CH_12:18!17|MId=o130120180172|Strong=0518 32-34 לְרַמּוֹתַ֣נִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1CH_12:18!18|MId=o130120180181|Strong=3807a 33 רַמּוֹת רָמָה VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 44 advcl _ Gloss=betray|Ref=1CH_12:18!18|MId=o130120180182|Strong=7411a|Frame=A0:130120170031;A1:130120180183;|Type=infinitive_construct 34 ַ֣נִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 33 obj _ Gloss=me|Ref=1CH_12:18!18|MId=o130120180183|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 35-37 לְצָרַ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1CH_12:18!19|MId=o130120180191|Strong=3807a 36 צָר צַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 33 obl _ Gloss=foes|Ref=1CH_12:18!19|MId=o130120180192|Strong=6862a 37 ַ֗י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 36 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1CH_12:18!19|MId=o130120180193|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 38-39 בְּלֹ֤א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1CH_12:18!20|MId=o130120180201|Strong=0871a 39 לֹ֤א לֹא ADV _ _ 42 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1CH_12:18!20|MId=o130120180202|Strong=3808|Type=negative 40 חָמָס֙ חָמָס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 42 nsubj _ Gloss=violence|Ref=1CH_12:18!21|MId=o130120180211|Strong=2555 41-43 בְּכַפַּ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1CH_12:18!22|MId=o130120180221|Strong=0871a 42 כַפּ כַּף NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 33 obl _ Gloss=palms|Ref=1CH_12:18!22|MId=o130120180222|Strong=3709 43 ַ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 42 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1CH_12:18!22|MId=o130120180223|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 44 יֵ֛רֶא רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 29 conj _ Gloss=may.he.see|Ref=1CH_12:18!23|MId=o130120180231|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:130120180241;|Type=yiqtol 45 אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 44 nsubj _ Gloss=the.God|Ref=1CH_12:18!24|MId=o130120180241|Strong=0430 46-47 אֲבוֹתֵ֖ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 אֲבוֹתֵ֖י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 45 compound:smixut _ Gloss=our.ancestors|Ref=1CH_12:18!25|MId=o130120180251|Strong=0001 47 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 46 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=1CH_12:18!25|MId=o130120180252|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 48-49 וְיוֹכַֽח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 49 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_12:18!26|MId=o130120180261|Strong=2050b 49 יוֹכַֽח יָכַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 44 conj _ Gloss=may.he.judge|Ref=1CH_12:18!26|MId=o130120180262|Strong=3198|Frame=A0:130120180241;|Type=yiqtol 50 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 49 punct _ Ref=1CH_12:18!26|SpaceAfter=No 51 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 49 punct _ Ref=1CH_12:18!26 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֵּצֵא *he went out* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָוִיד *David* | | | | | יַּעַן *he answered* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָוִיד *David* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָוִיד *David* | | | | | בָּאתֶם *you have come* | qatal · qal | | | | | | עָזְר *help* | infinitive construct · qal | | ֵנִי *me* | | | | יִֽהְיֶה־ *it will belong* | yiqtol · qal | לֵבָב *a heart* | | | | | רַמּוֹת *betray* | infinitive construct · piel | | ַנִי *me* | | | | יֵרֶא *may he see* | yiqtol · qal | אֱלֹהֵי *the God* | | | | | יוֹכַֽח *may he judge* | yiqtol · hiphil | אֱלֹהֵי *the God* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And David went out to meet them, and answered and said unto them: 'If ye be come peaceably unto me to help me, my heart shall be knit unto you; but if ye be come to betray me to mine adversaries, seeing there is no wrong in my hands, the God of our fathers look thereon, and give judgment.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.537/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1CH:485`. - ← previous: [1 Chronicles 12:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.12.17/) - next →: [1 Chronicles 12:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.12.19/) - ↑ back to [1 Chronicles 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/12/)