--- title: 1 Chronicles 12:9 — And of the Gadites there separated themselves unto David to the stro… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And of the Gadites there separated themselves unto David to the stronghold in the wilderness, mighty men of valour, men trained for war, that could handle shield and spear; whose faces were like the faces of lions, and they were as swift as the roes upon the mountains; Who acts: men, faces. 1 Chroni --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.12.9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [1 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/12/) / 12:9 # 1 Chronicles 12:9 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים א **Who acts:** men, faces · **What happens:** separate, train, handle, be · **To what, where:** Gadites, men, shield This is 1 Chronicles 12:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, faces — and what happens in the verse to Gadites, men, shield, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 29 chapters of 1 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּמִן־הַגָּדִ֡י נִבְדְּל֣וּ אֶל־דָּוִיד֩ לַמְצַ֨ד מִדְבָּ֜רָה גִּבֹּרֵ֣י הַחַ֗יִל אַנְשֵׁ֤י צָבָא֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה עֹרְכֵ֥י צִנָּ֖ה וָרֹ֑מַח וּפְנֵ֤י אַרְיֵה֙ פְּנֵיהֶ֔ם וְכִצְבָאיִ֥ם עַל־הֶהָרִ֖ים לְמַהֵֽר׃ס [And of the Gadites there separated themselves unto David to the stronghold in the wilderness, mighty men of valour, men trained for war, that could handle shield and spear; whose faces were like the faces of lions, and they were as swift as the roes upon the mountains;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.528/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1CH:476 # text = וּמִן־הַגָּדִ֡י נִבְדְּל֣וּ אֶל־דָּוִיד֩ לַמְצַ֨ד מִדְבָּ֜רָה גִּבֹּרֵ֣י הַחַ֗יִל אַנְשֵׁ֤י צָבָא֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה עֹרְכֵ֥י צִנָּ֖ה וָרֹ֑מַח וּפְנֵ֤י אַרְיֵה֙ פְּנֵיהֶ֔ם וְכִצְבָאיִ֥ם עַל־הֶהָרִ֖ים לְמַהֵֽר׃ס # verse = 1CH.12.9 1-2 וּמִן־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_12:9!1|MId=o130120090011|Strong=2050b 2 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1CH_12:9!1|MId=o130120090012|Strong=4480 3-4 הַגָּדִ֡י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1CH_12:9!2|MId=o130120090021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 גָּדִ֡י גָּדִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=Gadite[s]|Ref=1CH_12:9!2|MId=o130120090022|Strong=1425|Type=gentilic 5 נִבְדְּל֣וּ בָּדַל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.separated.themselves|Ref=1CH_12:9!3|MId=o130120090031|Strong=0914|Frame=A0:130120090081;|Type=qatal 6 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1CH_12:9!4|MId=o130120090041|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 7 דָּוִיד֩ דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 5 obl _ Gloss=David|Ref=1CH_12:9!5|MId=o130120090051|Strong=1732 8-10 לַמְצַ֨ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1CH_12:9!6|MId=o130120090061|Strong=3807a 9 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1CH_12:9!6|MId=o130120090061ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 מְצַ֨ד מְצָד NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=stronghold|Ref=1CH_12:9!6|MId=o130120090062|Strong=4679 11-12 מִדְבָּ֜רָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 מִדְבָּ֜ר מִדְבָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 nmod _ Gloss=wilderness|Ref=1CH_12:9!7|MId=o130120090071|Strong=4057 12 ָה ה X _ _ 11 nmod _ Gloss=towards.[the]|Ref=1CH_12:9!7|MId=o130120090072|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 13 גִּבֹּרֵ֣י גִּבּוֹר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ Gloss=the.mighty.[men]|Ref=1CH_12:9!8|MId=o130120090081|Strong=1368|Type=adjective 14-15 הַחַ֗יִל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=1CH_12:9!9|MId=o130120090091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 חַ֗יִל חַיִל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=strength|Ref=1CH_12:9!9|MId=o130120090092|Strong=2428 16 אַנְשֵׁ֤י אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 appos _ Gloss=men|Ref=1CH_12:9!10|MId=o130120090101|Strong=0376 17 צָבָא֙ צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.war|Ref=1CH_12:9!11|MId=o130120090111|Strong=6635 18-20 לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1CH_12:9!12|MId=o130120090121|Strong=3807a 19 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1CH_12:9!12|MId=o130120090121ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 מִּלְחָמָ֔ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 nmod _ Gloss=battle|Ref=1CH_12:9!12|MId=o130120090122|Strong=4421 21 עֹרְכֵ֥י עָרַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 13 appos _ Gloss=[who].deployed|Ref=1CH_12:9!13|MId=o130120090131|Strong=6186|Frame=A0:130120090081;A1:130120090141;130120090152;|Type=participle_active 22 צִנָּ֖ה צִנָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=(of).shield|Ref=1CH_12:9!14|MId=o130120090141|Strong=6793a 23-24 וָרֹ֑מַח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_12:9!15|MId=o130120090151|Strong=2050b 24 רֹ֑מַח רֹמַח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 conj _ Gloss=spear|Ref=1CH_12:9!15|MId=o130120090152|Strong=7420 25-26 וּפְנֵ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and.[were]|Ref=1CH_12:9!16|MId=o130120090161|Strong=2050b 26 פְנֵ֤י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 5 conj _ Gloss=faces|Ref=1CH_12:9!16|MId=o130120090162|Strong=6440 27 אַרְיֵה֙ אַרְיֵה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.lion|Ref=1CH_12:9!17|MId=o130120090171|Strong=0738a 28-29 פְּנֵיהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 פְּנֵי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ Gloss=faces|Ref=1CH_12:9!18|MId=o130120090181|Strong=6440 29 הֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=1CH_12:9!18|MId=o130120090182|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 30-32 וְכִצְבָאיִ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_12:9!19|MId=o130120090191|Strong=2050b 31 כִ כְּ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=1CH_12:9!19|MId=o130120090192|Strong=3509a 32 צְבָאיִ֥ם צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Plur 5 conj _ Gloss=gazelles|Ref=1CH_12:9!19|MId=o130120090193|Strong=6643a 33 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1CH_12:9!20|MId=o130120090201|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 34-35 הֶהָרִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 הֶ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1CH_12:9!21|MId=o130120090211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 הָרִ֖ים הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 32 nmod _ Gloss=mountains|Ref=1CH_12:9!21|MId=o130120090212|Strong=2022 36-37 לְמַהֵֽר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1CH_12:9!22|MId=o130120090221|Strong=3807a 37 מַהֵֽר מָהַר VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 32 advcl _ Gloss=hastening|Ref=1CH_12:9!22|MId=o130120090222|Strong=4116|Frame=A0:130120090081;|Type=infinitive_construct 38 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 37 punct _ Ref=1CH_12:9!22|SpaceAfter=No 39 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 37 punct _ Ref=1CH_12:9!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נִבְדְּלוּ *they separated themselves* | qatal · niphal | גִּבֹּרֵי *the mighty \[men\]* | | | | | עֹרְכֵי *\[who\] deployed* | participle active · qal | גִּבֹּרֵי *the mighty \[men\]* | צִנָּה *(of) shield* + רֹמַח *spear* | | | | מַהֵֽר *hastening* | infinitive construct · piel | גִּבֹּרֵי *the mighty \[men\]* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And of the Gadites there separated themselves unto David to the stronghold in the wilderness, mighty men of valour, men trained for war, that could handle shield and spear; whose faces were like the faces of lions, and they were as swift as the roes upon the mountains;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.528/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1CH:476`. - ← previous: [1 Chronicles 12:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.12.8/) - next →: [1 Chronicles 12:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.12.10/) - ↑ back to [1 Chronicles 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/12/)