--- title: 1 Chronicles 16:31 — Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice; and let them say… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice; and let them say among the nations: 'The LORD reigneth.' Who acts: you, heavens, earth, LORD. 1 Chronicles 16:31 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.16.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [1 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/) / [chapter 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/16/) / 16:31 # 1 Chronicles 16:31 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים א **Who acts:** you, heavens, earth, LORD · **What happens:** let, be, rejoice, say, reign · **To what, where:** heavens, earth · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Chronicles 16:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, heavens, earth, LORD — and what happens in the verse to heavens, earth, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 29 chapters of 1 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. יִשְׂמְח֤וּ הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ וְתָגֵ֣ל הָאָ֔רֶץ וְיֹאמְר֥וּ בַגּוֹיִ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה מָלָֽךְ׃ [Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice; and let them say among the nations: 'The LORD reigneth.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.652/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1CH:599 # text = יִשְׂמְח֤וּ הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ וְתָגֵ֣ל הָאָ֔רֶץ וְיֹאמְר֥וּ בַגּוֹיִ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה מָלָֽךְ׃ # verse = 1CH.16.31 1 יִשְׂמְח֤וּ שָׂמֵחַ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=let.them.rejoice|Ref=1CH_16:31!1|MId=o130160310011|Strong=8055|Frame=A0:130160310022;|Type=yiqtol 2-3 הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1CH_16:31!2|MId=o130160310021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 שָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 1 nsubj _ Gloss=heavens|Ref=1CH_16:31!2|MId=o130160310022|Strong=8064 4-5 וְתָגֵ֣ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_16:31!3|MId=o130160310031|Strong=2050b 5 תָגֵ֣ל גִּיל VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=let.it.be.glad|Ref=1CH_16:31!3|MId=o130160310032|Strong=1523|Frame=A0:130160310042;|Type=jussive 6-7 הָאָ֔רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1CH_16:31!4|MId=o130160310041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 אָ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=earth|Ref=1CH_16:31!4|MId=o130160310042|Strong=0776 8-9 וְיֹאמְר֥וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_16:31!5|MId=o130160310051|Strong=2050b 9 יֹאמְר֥וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=let.people.say|Ref=1CH_16:31!5|MId=o130160310052|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:130160310022;130160310042;|Type=yiqtol 10-12 בַגּוֹיִ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=among|Ref=1CH_16:31!6|MId=o130160310061|Strong=0871a 11 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1CH_16:31!6|MId=o130160310061ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 גּוֹיִ֖ם גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 obl _ Gloss=nations|Ref=1CH_16:31!6|MId=o130160310062|Strong=1471 13 יְהוָ֥ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 14 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1CH_16:31!7|MId=o130160310071|Strong=3068 14 מָלָֽךְ מָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 9 ccomp _ Gloss=he.reigns|Ref=1CH_16:31!8|MId=o130160310081|Strong=4427|Frame=A0:130160310071;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 15 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 14 punct _ Ref=1CH_16:31!8 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִשְׂמְחוּ *let them rejoice* | yiqtol · qal | שָּׁמַיִם *heavens* | | | | | תָגֵל *let it be glad* | jussive · qal | אָרֶץ *earth* | | | | | יֹאמְרוּ *let people say* | yiqtol · qal | שָּׁמַיִם *heavens* + אָרֶץ *earth* | | | | | מָלָֽךְ *he reigns* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice; and let them say among the nations: 'The LORD reigneth.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.652/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1CH:599`. - ← previous: [1 Chronicles 16:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.16.30/) - next →: [1 Chronicles 16:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.16.32/) - ↑ back to [1 Chronicles 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/16/)