--- title: 1 Chronicles 19:15 — And when the children of Ammon saw that the Arameans were fled, they… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And when the children of Ammon saw that the Arameans were fled, they likewise fled before Abishai his brother, and entered into the city. Then Joab came to Jerusalem. Who acts: children, Arameans, Joab. 1 Chronicles 19:15 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every claus --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.19.15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [1 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/19/) / 19:15 # 1 Chronicles 19:15 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים א **Who acts:** children, Arameans, Joab · **What happens:** see, flee, enter, come · **To what, where:** Arameans, city, Jerusalem · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Chronicles 19:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — children, Arameans, Joab — and what happens in the verse to Arameans, city, Jerusalem, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 29 chapters of 1 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּבְנֵ֨י עַמּ֤וֹן רָאוּ֙ כִּי־נָ֣ס אֲרָ֔ם וַיָּנ֣וּסוּ גַם־הֵ֗ם מִפְּנֵי֙ אַבְשַׁ֣י אָחִ֔יו וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ הָעִ֑ירָה וַיָּבֹ֥א יוֹאָ֖ב יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃פ [And when the children of Ammon saw that the Arameans were fled, they likewise fled before Abishai his brother, and entered into the city.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.731/) [Then Joab came to Jerusalem.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.732/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1CH:670 # text = וּבְנֵ֨י עַמּ֤וֹן רָאוּ֙ כִּי־נָ֣ס אֲרָ֔ם וַיָּנ֣וּסוּ גַם־הֵ֗ם מִפְּנֵי֙ אַבְשַׁ֣י אָחִ֔יו וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ הָעִ֑ירָה וַיָּבֹ֥א יוֹאָ֖ב יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃פ # verse = 1CH.19.15 1-2 וּבְנֵ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_19:15!1|MId=o130190150011|Strong=2050b 2 בְנֵ֨י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=1CH_19:15!1|MId=o130190150012|Strong=1121 3 עַמּ֤וֹן עַמּוֹן PROPN _ _ 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ammon|Ref=1CH_19:15!2|MId=o130190150021|Strong=5983 4 רָאוּ֙ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.saw|Ref=1CH_19:15!3|MId=o130190150031|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:130190150012;A1:130190150051;|Type=qatal 5 כִּי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 6 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=1CH_19:15!4|MId=o130190150041|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 6 נָ֣ס נוּס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 ccomp _ Gloss=it.had.fled|Ref=1CH_19:15!5|MId=o130190150051|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:130190150061;|Type=qatal 7 אֲרָ֔ם אֲרָם PROPN _ _ 6 nsubj _ Gloss=Aram|Ref=1CH_19:15!6|MId=o130190150061|Strong=0758 8-9 וַיָּנ֣וּסוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_19:15!7|MId=o130190150071|Strong=2050b 9 יָּנ֣וּסוּ נוּס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=they.fled|Ref=1CH_19:15!7|MId=o130190150072|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:130190150091;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 גַם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 11 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=1CH_19:15!8|MId=o130190150081|Strong=1571|SpaceAfter=No 11 הֵ֗ם הֵם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=1CH_19:15!9|MId=o130190150091|Strong=1992|Type=personal 12-13 מִפְּנֵי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1CH_19:15!10|MId=o130190150101|Strong=4480 13 פְּנֵי֙ פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 9 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=1CH_19:15!10|MId=o130190150102|Strong=6440 14 אַבְשַׁ֣י אַבְשַׁי PROPN _ _ 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Abishai|Ref=1CH_19:15!11|MId=o130190150111|Strong=0052 15-16 אָחִ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 אָחִ֔י אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 appos _ Gloss=brother|Ref=1CH_19:15!12|MId=o130190150121|Strong=0251 16 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1CH_19:15!12|MId=o130190150122|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 17-18 וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_19:15!13|MId=o130190150131|Strong=2050b 18 יָּבֹ֖אוּ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=they.went|Ref=1CH_19:15!13|MId=o130190150132|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:130190150012;|Type=wayyiqtol 19-21 הָעִ֑ירָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=to|Ref=1CH_19:15!14|MId=o130190150141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 עִ֑יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=the|Ref=1CH_19:15!14|MId=o130190150142|Strong=5892 21 ָה ה X _ _ 20 nmod _ Gloss=city|Ref=1CH_19:15!14|MId=o130190150143|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 22-23 וַיָּבֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_19:15!15|MId=o130190150151|Strong=2050b 23 יָּבֹ֥א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=he.went|Ref=1CH_19:15!15|MId=o130190150152|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:130190150161;|Type=wayyiqtol 24 יוֹאָ֖ב יוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 23 nsubj _ Gloss=Joab|Ref=1CH_19:15!16|MId=o130190150161|Strong=3097 25 יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 23 obl _ Gloss=Jerusalem|Ref=1CH_19:15!17|MId=o130190150171|Strong=3389|SpaceAfter=No 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=1CH_19:15!17|SpaceAfter=No 27 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=1CH_19:15!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | רָאוּ *they saw* | qatal · qal | בְנֵי *the people* | נָס *it had fled* | | | | נָס *it had fled* | qatal · qal | אֲרָם *Aram* | | | | | יָּנוּסוּ *they fled* | wayyiqtol · qal | הֵם *they* | | | | | יָּבֹאוּ *they went* | wayyiqtol · qal | בְנֵי *the people* | | | | | יָּבֹא *he went* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹאָב *Joab* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And when the children of Ammon saw that the Arameans were fled, they likewise fled before Abishai his brother, and entered into the city.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.731/) 2. [Then Joab came to Jerusalem.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.732/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1CH:670`. - ← previous: [1 Chronicles 19:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.19.14/) - next →: [1 Chronicles 19:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.19.16/) - ↑ back to [1 Chronicles 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/19/)