--- title: 1 Chronicles 19:16 — And when the Arameans saw that they were put to the worse before Isr… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And when the Arameans saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they sent messengers, and brought out the Arameans that were beyond the River, with Shophach the captain of the host of Hadarezer at their head. Who acts: Arameans. 1 Chronicles 19:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 191 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.19.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [1 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/19/) / 19:16 # 1 Chronicles 19:16 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים א **Who acts:** Arameans · **What happens:** see, put, send, bring out, be · **To what, where:** Arameans, messengers · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Chronicles 19:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Arameans — and what happens in the verse to Arameans, messengers, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 29 chapters of 1 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּ֣רְא אֲרָ֗ם כִּ֣י נִגְּפוּ֮ לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַֽיִּשְׁלְחוּ֙ מַלְאָכִ֔ים וַיּוֹצִ֣יאוּ אֶת־אֲרָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר מֵעֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֑ר וְשׁוֹפַ֛ךְ שַׂר־צְבָ֥א הֲדַדְעֶ֖זֶר לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ [And when the Arameans saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they sent messengers, and brought out the Arameans that were beyond the River, with Shophach the captain of the host of Hadarezer at their head.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.733/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1CH:671 # text = וַיַּ֣רְא אֲרָ֗ם כִּ֣י נִגְּפוּ֮ לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַֽיִּשְׁלְחוּ֙ מַלְאָכִ֔ים וַיּוֹצִ֣יאוּ אֶת־אֲרָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר מֵעֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֑ר וְשׁוֹפַ֛ךְ שַׂר־צְבָ֥א הֲדַדְעֶ֖זֶר לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ # verse = 1CH.19.16 1-2 וַיַּ֣רְא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_19:16!1|MId=o130190160011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּ֣רְא רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.saw|Ref=1CH_19:16!1|MId=o130190160012|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:130190160021;A1:130190160041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֲרָ֗ם אֲרָם PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Aram|Ref=1CH_19:16!2|MId=o130190160021|Strong=0758 4 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 5 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=1CH_19:16!3|MId=o130190160031|Strong=3588 5 נִגְּפוּ֮ נָגַף VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 ccomp _ Gloss=they.had.been.defeated|Ref=1CH_19:16!4|MId=o130190160041|Strong=5062|Frame=A1:130190160021;|Type=qatal 6-7 לִפְנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=1CH_19:16!5|MId=o130190160051|Strong=3807a 7 פְנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 5 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=1CH_19:16!5|MId=o130190160052|Strong=6440 8 יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1CH_19:16!6|MId=o130190160061|Strong=3478 9-10 וַֽיִּשְׁלְחוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_19:16!7|MId=o130190160071|Strong=2050b 10 יִּשְׁלְחוּ֙ שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.sent|Ref=1CH_19:16!7|MId=o130190160072|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:130190160021;A1:130190160081;|Type=wayyiqtol 11 מַלְאָכִ֔ים מַלְאָךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 obj _ Gloss=messengers|Ref=1CH_19:16!8|MId=o130190160081|Strong=4397 12-13 וַיּוֹצִ֣יאוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_19:16!9|MId=o130190160091|Strong=2050b 13 יּוֹצִ֣יאוּ יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.brought.out|Ref=1CH_19:16!9|MId=o130190160092|Strong=3318|Frame=AA:130190160021;A0:130190160111;|Type=wayyiqtol 14 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1CH_19:16!10|MId=o130190160101|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 15 אֲרָ֔ם אֲרָם PROPN _ _ 13 obj _ Gloss=Aram|Ref=1CH_19:16!11|MId=o130190160111|Strong=0758 16 אֲשֶׁ֖ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 18 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=1CH_19:16!12|MId=o130190160121|Strong=0834|Type=relative 17-18 מֵעֵ֣בֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=[was].from|Ref=1CH_19:16!13|MId=o130190160131|Strong=4480 18 עֵ֣בֶר עֵבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 acl:relcl _ Gloss=the.other.side|Ref=1CH_19:16!13|MId=o130190160132|Strong=5676 19-20 הַנָּהָ֑ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1CH_19:16!14|MId=o130190160141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 נָּהָ֑ר נָהָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.River|Ref=1CH_19:16!14|MId=o130190160142|Strong=5104 21-22 וְשׁוֹפַ֛ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_19:16!15|MId=o130190160151|Strong=2050b 22 שׁוֹפַ֛ךְ שׁוֹפָךְ PROPN _ _ 27 nsubj _ Gloss=Shophach|Ref=1CH_19:16!15|MId=o130190160152|Strong=7780 23 שַׂר־ שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 appos _ Gloss=the.commander|Ref=1CH_19:16!16|MId=o130190160161|Strong=8269|SpaceAfter=No 24 צְבָ֥א צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Sing 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.army|Ref=1CH_19:16!17|MId=o130190160171|Strong=6635 25 הֲדַדְעֶ֖זֶר הֲדַדְעֶזֶר PROPN _ _ 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Hadadezer|Ref=1CH_19:16!18|MId=o130190160181|Strong=1909 26-28 לִפְנֵיהֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=[was]|Ref=1CH_19:16!19|MId=o130190160191|Strong=3807a 27 פְנֵי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 2 conj _ Gloss=before|Ref=1CH_19:16!19|MId=o130190160192|Strong=6440 28 הֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=them|Ref=1CH_19:16!19|MId=o130190160193|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=1CH_19:16!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּרְא *it saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲרָם *Aram* | נִגְּפוּ *they had been defeated* | | | | נִגְּפוּ *they had been defeated* | qatal · niphal | | אֲרָם *Aram* | | | | יִּשְׁלְחוּ *they sent* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲרָם *Aram* | מַלְאָכִים *messengers* | | | | יּוֹצִיאוּ *they brought out* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | אֲרָם *Aram* | | | אֲרָם *Aram* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And when the Arameans saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they sent messengers, and brought out the Arameans that were beyond the River, with Shophach the captain of the host of Hadarezer at their head.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.733/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1CH:671`. - ← previous: [1 Chronicles 19:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.19.15/) - next →: [1 Chronicles 19:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.19.17/) - ↑ back to [1 Chronicles 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/19/)