--- title: 1 Chronicles 19:18 — And the Arameans fled before Israel; and David slew of the Arameans… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the Arameans fled before Israel; and David slew of the Arameans the men of seven thousand chariots, and forty thousand footmen, and killed Shophach the captain of the host. Who acts: Arameans, David. 1 Chronicles 19:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clau --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.19.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [1 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/19/) / 19:18 # 1 Chronicles 19:18 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים א **Who acts:** Arameans, David · **What happens:** flee, slay, kill · **To what, where:** men, Shophach This is 1 Chronicles 19:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Arameans, David — and what happens in the verse to men, Shophach, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 29 chapters of 1 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּ֣נָס אֲרָם֮ מִלִּפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַיַּהֲרֹ֨ג דָּוִ֜יד מֵאֲרָ֗ם שִׁבְעַ֤ת אֲלָפִים֙ רֶ֔כֶב וְאַרְבָּעִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף אִ֣ישׁ רַגְלִ֑י וְאֵ֛ת שׁוֹפַ֥ךְ שַֽׂר־הַצָּבָ֖א הֵמִֽית׃ [And the Arameans fled before Israel; and David slew of the Arameans the men of seven thousand chariots, and forty thousand footmen, and killed Shophach the captain of the host.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.736/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1CH:673 # text = וַיָּ֣נָס אֲרָם֮ מִלִּפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַיַּהֲרֹ֨ג דָּוִ֜יד מֵאֲרָ֗ם שִׁבְעַ֤ת אֲלָפִים֙ רֶ֔כֶב וְאַרְבָּעִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף אִ֣ישׁ רַגְלִ֑י וְאֵ֛ת שׁוֹפַ֥ךְ שַֽׂר־הַצָּבָ֖א הֵמִֽית׃ # verse = 1CH.19.18 1-2 וַיָּ֣נָס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_19:18!1|MId=o130190180011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּ֣נָס נוּס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.fled|Ref=1CH_19:18!1|MId=o130190180012|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:130190180021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֲרָם֮ אֲרָם PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Aram|Ref=1CH_19:18!2|MId=o130190180021|Strong=0758 4-6 מִלִּפְנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1CH_19:18!3|MId=o130190180031|Strong=4480 5 לִּ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=|Ref=1CH_19:18!3|MId=o130190180032|Strong=3807a 6 פְנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=1CH_19:18!3|MId=o130190180033|Strong=6440 7 יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1CH_19:18!4|MId=o130190180041|Strong=3478 8-9 וַיַּהֲרֹ֨ג _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_19:18!5|MId=o130190180051|Strong=2050b 9 יַּהֲרֹ֨ג הָרַג VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.killed|Ref=1CH_19:18!5|MId=o130190180052|Strong=2026|Frame=A0:130190180061;A1:130190180101;130190180131;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 דָּוִ֜יד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 9 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1CH_19:18!6|MId=o130190180061|Strong=1732 11-12 מֵאֲרָ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=1CH_19:18!7|MId=o130190180071|Strong=4480 12 אֲרָ֗ם אֲרָם PROPN _ _ 9 obl _ Gloss=Aram|Ref=1CH_19:18!7|MId=o130190180072|Strong=0758 13 שִׁבְעַ֤ת שֶׁבַע NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 nummod _ Gloss=seven|Ref=1CH_19:18!8|MId=o130190180081|Strong=7651|Type=cardinal_number 14 אֲלָפִים֙ אֶלֶף NUM _ Number=Plur 13 flat _ Gloss=thousand(s)|Ref=1CH_19:18!9|MId=o130190180091|Strong=0505|Type=cardinal_number 15 רֶ֔כֶב רֶכֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obj _ Gloss=charioteer[s]|Ref=1CH_19:18!10|MId=o130190180101|Strong=7393 16-17 וְאַרְבָּעִ֥ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_19:18!11|MId=o130190180111|Strong=2050b 17 אַרְבָּעִ֥ים אַרְבַּע NUM _ Number=Plur 19 nummod _ Gloss=forty|Ref=1CH_19:18!11|MId=o130190180112|Strong=0705|Type=cardinal_number 18 אֶ֖לֶף אֶלֶף NUM _ Number=Sing 17 flat _ Gloss=thousand|Ref=1CH_19:18!12|MId=o130190180121|Strong=0505|Type=cardinal_number 19 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 conj _ Gloss=man|Ref=1CH_19:18!13|MId=o130190180131|Strong=0376 20 רַגְלִ֑י רַגְלִי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 amod _ Gloss=on.foot|Ref=1CH_19:18!14|MId=o130190180141|Strong=7273|Type=adjective 21-22 וְאֵ֛ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_19:18!15|MId=o130190180151|Strong=2050b 22 אֵ֛ת אֵת ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1CH_19:18!15|MId=o130190180152|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 23 שׁוֹפַ֥ךְ שׁוֹפָךְ PROPN _ _ 27 obj _ Gloss=Shophach|Ref=1CH_19:18!16|MId=o130190180161|Strong=7780 24 שַֽׂר־ שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 appos _ Gloss=the.commander|Ref=1CH_19:18!17|MId=o130190180171|Strong=8269|SpaceAfter=No 25-26 הַצָּבָ֖א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1CH_19:18!18|MId=o130190180181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 צָּבָ֖א צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Sing 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.army|Ref=1CH_19:18!18|MId=o130190180182|Strong=6635 27 הֵמִֽית מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.killed|Ref=1CH_19:18!19|MId=o130190180191|Strong=4191|Frame=AA:130190180061;A0:130190180161;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=1CH_19:18!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּנָס *it fled* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲרָם *Aram* | | | | | יַּהֲרֹג *he killed* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִיד *David* | רֶכֶב *charioteer\[s\]* + אִישׁ *man* | | | | הֵמִֽית *he killed* | qatal · hiphil | שׁוֹפַךְ *Shophach* | | | דָּוִיד *David* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the Arameans fled before Israel; and David slew of the Arameans the men of seven thousand chariots, and forty thousand footmen, and killed Shophach the captain of the host.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.736/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1CH:673`. - ← previous: [1 Chronicles 19:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.19.17/) - next →: [1 Chronicles 19:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.19.19/) - ↑ back to [1 Chronicles 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/19/)