--- title: 1 Chronicles 19:2 — And David said: 'l will show kindness unto Hanun the son of Nahash,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And David said: 'l will show kindness unto Hanun the son of Nahash, because his father showed kindness to me.' So David sent messengers to comfort him concerning his father. And David's servants came into the land of the children of Ammon to Hanun, to comfort him. Who acts: David, l, father, servant --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.19.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [1 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/19/) / 19:2 # 1 Chronicles 19:2 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים א **Who acts:** David, l, father, servants · **What happens:** say, show, send, comfort, come · **To what, where:** kindness, me, messengers, Nahash, Hanun, land · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Chronicles 19:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, l, father, servants — and what happens in the verse to kindness, me, messengers, Nahash, Hanun, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 29 chapters of 1 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜יד אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־חֶ֣סֶד ׀ עִם־חָנ֣וּן בֶּן־נָחָ֗שׁ כִּֽי־עָשָׂ֨ה אָבִ֤יו עִמִּי֙ חֶ֔סֶד וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח דָּוִ֛יד מַלְאָכִ֖ים לְנַחֲמ֣וֹ עַל־אָבִ֑יו וַיָּבֹאוּ֩ עַבְדֵ֨י דָוִ֜יד אֶל־אֶ֧רֶץ בְּנֵי־עַמּ֛וֹן אֶל־חָנ֖וּן לְנַחֲמֽוֹ׃ [And David said: 'l will show kindness unto Hanun the son of Nahash, because his father showed kindness to me.' So David sent messengers to comfort him concerning his father.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.714/) [And David's servants came into the land of the children of Ammon to Hanun, to comfort him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.715/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1CH:657 # text = וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜יד אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־חֶ֣סֶד ׀ עִם־חָנ֣וּן בֶּן־נָחָ֗שׁ כִּֽי־עָשָׂ֨ה אָבִ֤יו עִמִּי֙ חֶ֔סֶד וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח דָּוִ֛יד מַלְאָכִ֖ים לְנַחֲמ֣וֹ עַל־אָבִ֑יו וַיָּבֹאוּ֩ עַבְדֵ֨י דָוִ֜יד אֶל־אֶ֧רֶץ בְּנֵי־עַמּ֛וֹן אֶל־חָנ֖וּן לְנַחֲמֽוֹ׃ # verse = 1CH.19.2 1-2 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_19:2!1|MId=o130190020011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1CH_19:2!1|MId=o130190020012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:130190020021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָּוִ֜יד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1CH_19:2!2|MId=o130190020021|Strong=1732 4 אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 ccomp _ Gloss=I.will.do|Ref=1CH_19:2!3|MId=o130190020031|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:130190020021;A1:130190020041;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 5 חֶ֣סֶד חֶסֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 obj _ Gloss=covenant.loyalty|Ref=1CH_19:2!4|MId=o130190020041|Strong=2617 6 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 5 punct _ Ref=1CH_19:2!4 7 עִם־ עִם ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1CH_19:2!5|MId=o130190020051|Strong=5973|SpaceAfter=No 8 חָנ֣וּן חָנוּן PROPN _ _ 4 obl _ Gloss=Hanun|Ref=1CH_19:2!6|MId=o130190020061|Strong=2586 9 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=1CH_19:2!7|MId=o130190020071|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 10 נָחָ֗שׁ נָחָשׁ PROPN _ _ 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Nahash|Ref=1CH_19:2!8|MId=o130190020081|Strong=5176 11 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 12 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1CH_19:2!9|MId=o130190020091|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 12 עָשָׂ֨ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 advcl _ Gloss=he.did|Ref=1CH_19:2!10|MId=o130190020101|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:130190020111;A1:130190020131;|Type=qatal 13-14 אָבִ֤יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 אָבִ֤י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=father|Ref=1CH_19:2!11|MId=o130190020111|Strong=0001 14 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1CH_19:2!11|MId=o130190020112|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15-16 עִמִּי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1CH_19:2!12|MId=o130190020121|Strong=5973 16 ִי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 12 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1CH_19:2!12|MId=o130190020122|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 17 חֶ֔סֶד חֶסֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obj _ Gloss=covenant.loyalty|Ref=1CH_19:2!13|MId=o130190020131|Strong=2617 18-19 וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_19:2!14|MId=o130190020141|Strong=2050b 19 יִּשְׁלַ֥ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.sent|Ref=1CH_19:2!14|MId=o130190020142|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:130190020151;A1:130190020161;|Type=wayyiqtol 20 דָּוִ֛יד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 19 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1CH_19:2!15|MId=o130190020151|Strong=1732 21 מַלְאָכִ֖ים מַלְאָךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 obj _ Gloss=messengers|Ref=1CH_19:2!16|MId=o130190020161|Strong=4397 22-24 לְנַחֲמ֣וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1CH_19:2!17|MId=o130190020171|Strong=3807a 23 נַחֲמ נָחַם VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 19 advcl _ Gloss=comfort|Ref=1CH_19:2!17|MId=o130190020172|Strong=5162|Frame=A0:130190020161;A1:130190020173;|Type=infinitive_construct 24 ֣וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obj _ Gloss=him|Ref=1CH_19:2!17|MId=o130190020173|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 25 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1CH_19:2!18|MId=o130190020181|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 26-27 אָבִ֑יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 אָבִ֑י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=father|Ref=1CH_19:2!19|MId=o130190020191|Strong=0001 27 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1CH_19:2!19|MId=o130190020192|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 28-29 וַיָּבֹאוּ֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_19:2!20|MId=o130190020201|Strong=2050b 29 יָּבֹאוּ֩ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.came|Ref=1CH_19:2!20|MId=o130190020202|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:130190020211;|Type=wayyiqtol 30 עַבְדֵ֨י עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ Gloss=the.servants|Ref=1CH_19:2!21|MId=o130190020211|Strong=5650 31 דָוִ֜יד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 30 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.David|Ref=1CH_19:2!22|MId=o130190020221|Strong=1732 32 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=1CH_19:2!23|MId=o130190020231|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 33 אֶ֧רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 29 obl _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=1CH_19:2!24|MId=o130190020241|Strong=0776 34 בְּנֵי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 33 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.people|Ref=1CH_19:2!25|MId=o130190020251|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 35 עַמּ֛וֹן עַמּוֹן PROPN _ _ 34 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ammon|Ref=1CH_19:2!26|MId=o130190020261|Strong=5983 36 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1CH_19:2!27|MId=o130190020271|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 37 חָנ֖וּן חָנוּן PROPN _ _ 29 obl _ Gloss=Hanun|Ref=1CH_19:2!28|MId=o130190020281|Strong=2586 38-40 לְנַחֲמֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1CH_19:2!29|MId=o130190020291|Strong=3807a 39 נַחֲמ נָחַם VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 29 advcl _ Gloss=comfort|Ref=1CH_19:2!29|MId=o130190020292|Strong=5162|Frame=A0:130190020211;A1:130190020293;|Type=infinitive_construct 40 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 obj _ Gloss=him|Ref=1CH_19:2!29|MId=o130190020293|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 41 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 40 punct _ Ref=1CH_19:2!29 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִיד *David* | | | | | אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־ *I will do* | yiqtol · qal | דָּוִיד *David* | חֶסֶד *covenant loyalty* | | | | עָשָׂה *he did* | qatal · qal | אָבִי *father* | חֶסֶד *covenant loyalty* | | | | יִּשְׁלַח *he sent* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִיד *David* | מַלְאָכִים *messengers* | | | | נַחֲמ *comfort* | infinitive construct · piel | מַלְאָכִים *messengers* | וֹ *him* | | | | יָּבֹאוּ *they came* | wayyiqtol · qal | עַבְדֵי *the servants* | | | | | נַחֲמ *comfort* | infinitive construct · piel | עַבְדֵי *the servants* | ֽוֹ *him* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And David said: 'l will show kindness unto Hanun the son of Nahash, because his father showed kindness to me.' So David sent messengers to comfort him concerning his father.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.714/) 2. [And David's servants came into the land of the children of Ammon to Hanun, to comfort him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.715/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1CH:657`. - ← previous: [1 Chronicles 19:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.19.1/) - next →: [1 Chronicles 19:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.19.3/) - ↑ back to [1 Chronicles 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/19/)