--- title: 1 Chronicles 20:1 — And it came to pass, at the time of the return of the year, at the t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass, at the time of the return of the year, at the time when kings go out to battle, that Joab led forth the power of the army, and wasted the country of the children of Ammon, and came and besieged Rabbah. But David tarried at Jerusalem. And Joab smote Rabbah, and overthrew it. Who --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.20.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [1 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/20/) / 20:1 # 1 Chronicles 20:1 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים א **Who acts:** it, kings, Joab, year, David · **What happens:** come, pass, go out, lead, waste, besiege · **To what, where:** battle, power, country, Rabbah, Jerusalem This is 1 Chronicles 20:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — it, kings, Joab, year, David — and what happens in the verse to battle, power, country, Rabbah, Jerusalem, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 29 chapters of 1 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֡י לְעֵת֩ תְּשׁוּבַ֨ת הַשָּׁנָ֜ה לְעֵ֣ת ׀ צֵ֣את הַמְּלָכִ֗ים וַיִּנְהַ֣ג יוֹאָב֩ אֶת־חֵ֨יל הַצָּבָ֜א וַיַּשְׁחֵ֣ת ׀ אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ בְּנֵֽי־עַמּ֗וֹן וַיָּבֹא֙ וַיָּ֣צַר אֶת־רַבָּ֔ה וְדָוִ֖יד יֹשֵׁ֣ב בִּירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וַיַּ֥ךְ יוֹאָ֛ב אֶת־רַבָּ֖ה וַיֶּֽהֶרְסֶֽהָ׃ [And it came to pass, at the time of the return of the year, at the time when kings go out to battle, that Joab led forth the power of the army, and wasted the country of the children of Ammon, and came and besieged Rabbah.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.738/) [But David tarried at Jerusalem.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.739/) [And Joab smote Rabbah, and overthrew it.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.740/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1CH:675 # text = וַיְהִ֡י לְעֵת֩ תְּשׁוּבַ֨ת הַשָּׁנָ֜ה לְעֵ֣ת ׀ צֵ֣את הַמְּלָכִ֗ים וַיִּנְהַ֣ג יוֹאָב֩ אֶת־חֵ֨יל הַצָּבָ֜א וַיַּשְׁחֵ֣ת ׀ אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ בְּנֵֽי־עַמּ֗וֹן וַיָּבֹא֙ וַיָּ֣צַר אֶת־רַבָּ֔ה וְדָוִ֖יד יֹשֵׁ֣ב בִּירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וַיַּ֥ךְ יוֹאָ֛ב אֶת־רַבָּ֖ה וַיֶּֽהֶרְסֶֽהָ׃ # verse = 1CH.20.1 1-2 וַיְהִ֡י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_20:1!1|MId=o130200010011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֡י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=1CH_20:1!1|MId=o130200010012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לְעֵת֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1CH_20:1!2|MId=o130200010021|Strong=3807a 4 עֵת֩ עֵת NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.time|Ref=1CH_20:1!2|MId=o130200010022|Strong=6256 5 תְּשׁוּבַ֨ת תְּשׁוּבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.return|Ref=1CH_20:1!3|MId=o130200010031|Strong=8666 6-7 הַשָּׁנָ֜ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1CH_20:1!4|MId=o130200010041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 שָּׁנָ֜ה שָׁנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.year|Ref=1CH_20:1!4|MId=o130200010042|Strong=8141 8-9 לְעֵ֣ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1CH_20:1!5|MId=o130200010051|Strong=3807a 9 עֵ֣ת עֵת NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.time|Ref=1CH_20:1!5|MId=o130200010052|Strong=6256 10 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 9 punct _ Ref=1CH_20:1!5 11 צֵ֣את יָצָא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 9 acl _ Gloss=go.out|Ref=1CH_20:1!6|MId=o130200010061|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:130200010072;|Type=infinitive_construct 12-13 הַמְּלָכִ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1CH_20:1!7|MId=o130200010071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 מְּלָכִ֗ים מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 nsubj _ Gloss=kings|Ref=1CH_20:1!7|MId=o130200010072|Strong=4428 14-15 וַיִּנְהַ֣ג _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_20:1!8|MId=o130200010081|Strong=2050b 15 יִּנְהַ֣ג נָהַג VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.lead.out|Ref=1CH_20:1!8|MId=o130200010082|Strong=5090|Frame=A0:130200010091;A1:130200010111;|Type=wayyiqtol 16 יוֹאָב֩ יוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 15 nsubj _ Gloss=Joab|Ref=1CH_20:1!9|MId=o130200010091|Strong=3097 17 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1CH_20:1!10|MId=o130200010101|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 18 חֵ֨יל חַיִל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obj _ Gloss=the.army|Ref=1CH_20:1!11|MId=o130200010111|Strong=2428 19-20 הַצָּבָ֜א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=1CH_20:1!12|MId=o130200010121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 צָּבָ֜א צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=war|Ref=1CH_20:1!12|MId=o130200010122|Strong=6635 21-22 וַיַּשְׁחֵ֣ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_20:1!13|MId=o130200010131|Strong=2050b 22 יַּשְׁחֵ֣ת שָׁחַת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.destroyed|Ref=1CH_20:1!13|MId=o130200010132|Strong=7843|Frame=AA:130200010091;A0:130200010151;|Type=wayyiqtol 23 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=1CH_20:1!13 24 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1CH_20:1!14|MId=o130200010141|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 25 אֶ֣רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 22 obj _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=1CH_20:1!15|MId=o130200010151|Strong=0776 26 בְּנֵֽי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.people|Ref=1CH_20:1!16|MId=o130200010161|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 27 עַמּ֗וֹן עַמּוֹן PROPN _ _ 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ammon|Ref=1CH_20:1!17|MId=o130200010171|Strong=5983 28-29 וַיָּבֹא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_20:1!18|MId=o130200010181|Strong=2050b 29 יָּבֹא֙ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.went|Ref=1CH_20:1!18|MId=o130200010182|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:130200010091;|Type=wayyiqtol 30-31 וַיָּ֣צַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_20:1!19|MId=o130200010191|Strong=2050b 31 יָּ֣צַר צוּר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.laid.siege.to|Ref=1CH_20:1!19|MId=o130200010192|Strong=6696|Frame=A0:130200010091;A1:130200010211;|Type=wayyiqtol 32 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1CH_20:1!20|MId=o130200010201|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 33 רַבָּ֔ה רַבָּה PROPN _ _ 31 obj _ Gloss=Rabbah|Ref=1CH_20:1!21|MId=o130200010211|Strong=7237 34-35 וְדָוִ֖יד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_20:1!22|MId=o130200010221|Strong=2050b 35 דָוִ֖יד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 36 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1CH_20:1!22|MId=o130200010222|Strong=1732 36 יֹשֵׁ֣ב יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=[was].remaining|Ref=1CH_20:1!23|MId=o130200010231|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:130200010222;|Type=participle_active 37-38 בִּירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1CH_20:1!24|MId=o130200010241|Strong=0871a 38 ירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 36 obl _ Gloss=Jerusalem|Ref=1CH_20:1!24|MId=o130200010242|Strong=3389 39-40 וַיַּ֥ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 40 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_20:1!25|MId=o130200010251|Strong=2050b 40 יַּ֥ךְ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.attacked|Ref=1CH_20:1!25|MId=o130200010252|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:130200010261;A0:130200010281;|Type=wayyiqtol 41 יוֹאָ֛ב יוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 40 nsubj _ Gloss=Joab|Ref=1CH_20:1!26|MId=o130200010261|Strong=3097 42 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1CH_20:1!27|MId=o130200010271|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 43 רַבָּ֖ה רַבָּה PROPN _ _ 40 obj _ Gloss=Rabbah|Ref=1CH_20:1!28|MId=o130200010281|Strong=7237 44-46 וַיֶּֽהֶרְסֶֽהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 45 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_20:1!29|MId=o130200010291|Strong=2050b 45 יֶּֽהֶרְס הָרַס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1CH_20:1!29|MId=o130200010292|Strong=2040|Frame=A0:130200010261;A1:130200010293;|Type=wayyiqtol 46 ֶֽהָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 45 obj _ Gloss=tore.it.down|Ref=1CH_20:1!29|MId=o130200010293|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 47 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 46 punct _ Ref=1CH_20:1!29 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | צֵאת *go out* | infinitive construct · qal | מְּלָכִים *kings* | | | | | יִּנְהַג *he lead out* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹאָב *Joab* | חֵיל *the army* | | | | יַּשְׁחֵת *he destroyed* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | אֶרֶץ *the land* | | | יוֹאָב *Joab* | | יָּבֹא *he went* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹאָב *Joab* | | | | | יָּצַר *he laid siege to* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹאָב *Joab* | רַבָּה *Rabbah* | | | | יֹשֵׁב *\[was\] remaining* | participle active · qal | דָוִיד *David* | | | | | יַּךְ *he attacked* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | רַבָּה *Rabbah* | | | יוֹאָב *Joab* | | יֶּֽהֶרְס *he* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹאָב *Joab* | ֶֽהָ *tore it down* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it came to pass, at the time of the return of the year, at the time when kings go out to battle, that Joab led forth the power of the army, and wasted the country of the children of Ammon, and came and besieged Rabbah.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.738/) 2. [But David tarried at Jerusalem.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.739/) 3. [And Joab smote Rabbah, and overthrew it.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.740/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1CH:675`. - ← previous: [1 Chronicles 19:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.19.19/) - next →: [1 Chronicles 20:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.20.2/) - ↑ back to [1 Chronicles 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/20/)