--- title: 1 Chronicles 20:8 — These were born unto the giant in Gath; and they fell by the hand of… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: These were born unto the giant in Gath; and they fell by the hand of David and by the hand of his servants. Who acts: giants. 1 Chronicles 20:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.20.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [1 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/20/) / 20:8 # 1 Chronicles 20:8 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים א **Who acts:** giants · **What happens:** bear, fall · **To what, where:** These, Gath This is 1 Chronicles 20:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — giants — and what happens in the verse to These, Gath, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 29 chapters of 1 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אֵ֛ל נוּלְּד֥וּ לְהָרָפָ֖א בְּגַ֑ת וַיִּפְּל֥וּ בְיַד־דָּוִ֖יד וּבְיַד־עֲבָדָֽיו׃פ [These were born unto the giant in Gath; and they fell by the hand of David and by the hand of his servants.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.749/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1CH:682 # text = אֵ֛ל נוּלְּד֥וּ לְהָרָפָ֖א בְּגַ֑ת וַיִּפְּל֥וּ בְיַד־דָּוִ֖יד וּבְיַד־עֲבָדָֽיו׃פ # verse = 1CH.20.8 1 אֵ֛ל אֵל PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 2 nsubj _ Gloss=these|Ref=1CH_20:8!1|MId=o130200080011|Strong=0411|Type=demonstrative 2 נוּלְּד֥וּ יָלַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.were.born|Ref=1CH_20:8!2|MId=o130200080021|Strong=3205|Frame=A1:130200080011;|Type=qatal 3-5 לְהָרָפָ֖א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1CH_20:8!3|MId=o130200080031|Strong=3807a 4 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1CH_20:8!3|MId=o130200080032|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 רָפָ֖א רָפָא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=Rapha|Ref=1CH_20:8!3|MId=o130200080033|Strong=7498|Type=gentilic 6-7 בְּגַ֑ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1CH_20:8!4|MId=o130200080041|Strong=0871a 7 גַ֑ת גַּת PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Gath|Ref=1CH_20:8!4|MId=o130200080042|Strong=1661 8-9 וַיִּפְּל֥וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_20:8!5|MId=o130200080051|Strong=2050b 9 יִּפְּל֥וּ נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.fell|Ref=1CH_20:8!5|MId=o130200080052|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:130200040131;130200050121;130200050141;130200060061;|Type=wayyiqtol 10-11 בְיַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=1CH_20:8!6|MId=o130200080061|Strong=0871a 11 יַד־ יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=1CH_20:8!6|MId=o130200080062|Strong=3027 12 דָּוִ֖יד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.David|Ref=1CH_20:8!7|MId=o130200080071|Strong=1732 13-15 וּבְיַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_20:8!8|MId=o130200080081|Strong=2050b 14 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=1CH_20:8!8|MId=o130200080082|Strong=0871a 15 יַד־ יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=1CH_20:8!8|MId=o130200080083|Strong=3027 16-17 עֲבָדָֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 עֲבָדָֽי עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.servants|Ref=1CH_20:8!9|MId=o130200080091|Strong=5650 17 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1CH_20:8!9|MId=o130200080092|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 17 punct _ Ref=1CH_20:8!9|SpaceAfter=No 19 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 17 punct _ Ref=1CH_20:8!9 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נוּלְּדוּ *they were born* | qatal · niphal | | אֵל *these* | | | | יִּפְּלוּ *they fell* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [These were born unto the giant in Gath; and they fell by the hand of David and by the hand of his servants.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.749/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1CH:682`. - ← previous: [1 Chronicles 20:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.20.7/) - next →: [1 Chronicles 21:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.21.1/) - ↑ back to [1 Chronicles 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/20/)