--- title: 1 Chronicles 21:12 — either three years of famine; or three months to be swept away befor… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: either three years of famine; or three months to be swept away before thy foes, while the sword of thine enemies overtaketh thee; or else three days the sword of the LORD, even pestilence in the land, and the angel of the LORD destroying throughout all the borders of Israel. Now therefore consider w --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.21.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [1 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/) / [chapter 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/21/) / 21:12 # 1 Chronicles 21:12 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים א **Who acts:** sword, angel, you, I · **What happens:** sweep away, overtake, destroy, consider, return, send · **To what, where:** foes, thee, answer, LORD, me This is 1 Chronicles 21:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — sword, angel, you, I — and what happens in the verse to foes, thee, answer, LORD, me, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 29 chapters of 1 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אִם־שָׁל֨וֹשׁ שָׁנִ֜ים רָעָ֗ב וְאִם־שְׁלֹשָׁ֨ה חֳדָשִׁ֜ים נִסְפֶּ֥ה מִפְּנֵי־צָרֶיךָ֮ וְחֶ֣רֶב אוֹיְבֶ֣ךָ ׀ לְמַשֶּׂגֶת֒ וְאִם־שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָ֠מִים חֶ֣רֶב יְהוָ֤ה וְדֶ֙בֶר֙ בָּאָ֔רֶץ וּמַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה מַשְׁחִ֖ית בְּכָל־גְּב֣וּל יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְעַתָּ֣ה רְאֵ֔ה מָֽה־אָשִׁ֥יב אֶת־שֹׁלְחִ֖י דָּבָֽר׃פ [either three years of famine; or three months to be swept away before thy foes, while the sword of thine enemies overtaketh thee; or else three days the sword of the LORD, even pestilence in the land, and the angel of the LORD destroying throughout all the borders of Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.763/) [Now therefore consider what answer I shall return to Him that sent me.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.764/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1CH:694 # text = אִם־שָׁל֨וֹשׁ שָׁנִ֜ים רָעָ֗ב וְאִם־שְׁלֹשָׁ֨ה חֳדָשִׁ֜ים נִסְפֶּ֥ה מִפְּנֵי־צָרֶיךָ֮ וְחֶ֣רֶב אוֹיְבֶ֣ךָ ׀ לְמַשֶּׂגֶת֒ וְאִם־שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָ֠מִים חֶ֣רֶב יְהוָ֤ה וְדֶ֙בֶר֙ בָּאָ֔רֶץ וּמַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה מַשְׁחִ֖ית בְּכָל־גְּב֣וּל יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְעַתָּ֣ה רְאֵ֔ה מָֽה־אָשִׁ֥יב אֶת־שֹׁלְחִ֖י דָּבָֽר׃פ # verse = 1CH.21.12 1 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 3 mark _ Gloss=whether|Ref=1CH_21:12!1|MId=o130210120011|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 2 שָׁל֨וֹשׁ שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 nummod _ Gloss=three|Ref=1CH_21:12!2|MId=o130210120021|Strong=7969|Type=cardinal_number 3 שָׁנִ֜ים שָׁנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=years|Ref=1CH_21:12!3|MId=o130210120031|Strong=8141 4 רָעָ֗ב רָעָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obj _ Gloss=famine|Ref=1CH_21:12!4|MId=o130210120041|Strong=7458 5-6 וְאִם־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_21:12!5|MId=o130210120051|Strong=2050b 6 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=or|Ref=1CH_21:12!5|MId=o130210120052|Strong=0518 7 שְׁלֹשָׁ֨ה שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nummod _ Gloss=three|Ref=1CH_21:12!6|MId=o130210120061|Strong=7969|Type=cardinal_number 8 חֳדָשִׁ֜ים חֹדֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 conj _ Gloss=months|Ref=1CH_21:12!7|MId=o130210120071|Strong=2320 9 נִסְפֶּ֥ה סָפָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 8 obj _ Gloss=being.swept.away|Ref=1CH_21:12!8|MId=o130210120081|Strong=5595|Frame=A1:130210110041;|Type=participle_active 10-11 מִפְּנֵי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1CH_21:12!9|MId=o130210120091|Strong=4480 11 פְּנֵי־ פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 9 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=1CH_21:12!9|MId=o130210120092|Strong=6440 12-13 צָרֶיךָ֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 צָרֶי צַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=foes|Ref=1CH_21:12!10|MId=o130210120101|Strong=6862a 13 ךָ֮ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1CH_21:12!10|MId=o130210120102|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 14-15 וְחֶ֣רֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_21:12!11|MId=o130210120111|Strong=2050b 15 חֶ֣רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=the.sword|Ref=1CH_21:12!11|MId=o130210120112|Strong=2719 16-17 אוֹיְבֶ֣ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 אוֹיְב אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.enemies|Ref=1CH_21:12!12|MId=o130210120121|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 17 ֶ֣ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1CH_21:12!12|MId=o130210120122|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 18 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 17 punct _ Ref=1CH_21:12!12 19-20 לְמַשֶּׂגֶת֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1CH_21:12!13|MId=o130210120131|Strong=3807a 20 מַשֶּׂגֶת֒ נָשַׂג VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 9 conj _ Gloss=overtaking.[you]|Ref=1CH_21:12!13|MId=o130210120132|Strong=5381|Type=participle_active 21-22 וְאִם־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_21:12!14|MId=o130210120141|Strong=2050b 22 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 24 mark _ Gloss=or|Ref=1CH_21:12!14|MId=o130210120142|Strong=0518 23 שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 nummod _ Gloss=three|Ref=1CH_21:12!15|MId=o130210120151|Strong=7969|Type=cardinal_number 24 יָ֠מִים יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 conj _ Gloss=days|Ref=1CH_21:12!16|MId=o130210120161|Strong=3117 25 חֶ֣רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 24 obj _ Gloss=the.sword|Ref=1CH_21:12!17|MId=o130210120171|Strong=2719 26 יְהוָ֤ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=1CH_21:12!18|MId=o130210120181|Strong=3068 27-28 וְדֶ֙בֶר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_21:12!19|MId=o130210120191|Strong=2050b 28 דֶ֙בֶר֙ דֶּבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 conj _ Gloss=pestilence|Ref=1CH_21:12!19|MId=o130210120192|Strong=1698 29-31 בָּאָ֔רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1CH_21:12!20|MId=o130210120201|Strong=0871a 30 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1CH_21:12!20|MId=o130210120201ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 אָ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 28 nmod _ Gloss=land|Ref=1CH_21:12!20|MId=o130210120202|Strong=0776 32-33 וּמַלְאַ֣ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_21:12!21|MId=o130210120211|Strong=2050b 33 מַלְאַ֣ךְ מַלְאָךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 nsubj _ Gloss=the.angel|Ref=1CH_21:12!21|MId=o130210120212|Strong=4397 34 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 33 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=1CH_21:12!22|MId=o130210120221|Strong=3068 35 מַשְׁחִ֖ית שָׁחַת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 25 conj _ Gloss=destroying|Ref=1CH_21:12!23|MId=o130210120231|Strong=7843|Frame=A0:130210120212;|Type=participle_active 36-37 בְּכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1CH_21:12!24|MId=o130210120241|Strong=0871a 37 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=1CH_21:12!24|MId=o130210120242|Strong=3605 38 גְּב֣וּל גְּבוּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 37 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.territory|Ref=1CH_21:12!25|MId=o130210120251|Strong=1366 39 יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 38 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=1CH_21:12!26|MId=o130210120261|Strong=3478 40-41 וְעַתָּ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 41 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_21:12!27|MId=o130210120271|Strong=2050b 41 עַתָּ֣ה עַתָּה ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=now|Ref=1CH_21:12!27|MId=o130210120272|Strong=6258 42 רְאֵ֔ה רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 3 parataxis _ Gloss=consider|Ref=1CH_21:12!28|MId=o130210120281|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:130210110041;A1:130210120301;|Type=imperative 43 מָֽה־ מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 44 advmod _ Gloss=what?|Ref=1CH_21:12!29|MId=o130210120291|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative|SpaceAfter=No 44 אָשִׁ֥יב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 42 ccomp _ Gloss=will.I.bring.back|Ref=1CH_21:12!30|MId=o130210120301|Strong=7725|Frame=AA:130210110021;A0:130210120321;A1:130210120331;|Type=yiqtol 45 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 46 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1CH_21:12!31|MId=o130210120311|Strong=0853|SpaceAfter=No 46-47 שֹׁלְחִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 שֹׁלְח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 44 obj _ Gloss=the.[one|Ref=1CH_21:12!32|MId=o130210120321|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:130210120221;A1:130210120322;|Type=participle_active 47 ִ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 46 nmod:poss _ Gloss=who].sent.me|Ref=1CH_21:12!32|MId=o130210120322|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 48 דָּבָֽר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 44 xcomp _ Gloss=word|Ref=1CH_21:12!33|MId=o130210120331|Strong=1697|SpaceAfter=No 49 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 48 punct _ Ref=1CH_21:12!33|SpaceAfter=No 50 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 48 punct _ Ref=1CH_21:12!33 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נִסְפֶּה *being swept away* | participle active · niphal | | | | | | מַשְׁחִית *destroying* | participle active · hiphil | מַלְאַךְ *the angel* | | | | | רְאֵה *consider* | imperative · qal | | אָשִׁיב *will I bring back* | | | | אָשִׁיב *will I bring back* | yiqtol · hiphil | שֹׁלְח *the \[one* | דָּבָֽר *word* | | | | שֹׁלְח *the \[one* | participle active · qal | יְהוָה *of Yahweh* | ִי *who\] sent me* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [either three years of famine; or three months to be swept away before thy foes, while the sword of thine enemies overtaketh thee; or else three days the sword of the LORD, even pestilence in the land, and the angel of the LORD destroying throughout all the borders of Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.763/) 2. [Now therefore consider what answer I shall return to Him that sent me.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.764/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1CH:694`. - ← previous: [1 Chronicles 21:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.21.11/) - next →: [1 Chronicles 21:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.21.13/) - ↑ back to [1 Chronicles 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/21/)