--- title: 1 Chronicles 21:16 — And David lifted up his eyes, and saw the angel of the LORD standing… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And David lifted up his eyes, and saw the angel of the LORD standing between the earth and the heaven, having a drawn sword in his hand stretched out over Jerusalem. Then David and the elders, clothed in sackcloth, fell upon their faces. Who acts: David, angel. 1 Chronicles 21:16 in Hebrew with its --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.21.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [1 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/) / [chapter 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/21/) / 21:16 # 1 Chronicles 21:16 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים א **Who acts:** David, angel · **What happens:** lift up, see, stand, have, draw, stretch out · **To what, where:** eyes, angel, earth, drawn sword, hand, Jerusalem This is 1 Chronicles 21:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, angel — and what happens in the verse to eyes, angel, earth, drawn sword, hand, Jerusalem, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 29 chapters of 1 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּשָּׂ֨א דָוִ֜יד אֶת־עֵינָ֗יו וַיַּ֞רְא אֶת־מַלְאַ֤ךְ יְהוָה֙ עֹמֵ֗ד בֵּ֤ין הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ וּבֵ֣ין הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְחַרְבּ֤וֹ שְׁלוּפָה֙ בְּיָד֔וֹ נְטוּיָ֖ה עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וַיִּפֹּ֨ל דָּוִ֧יד וְהַזְּקֵנִ֛ים מְכֻסִּ֥ים בַּשַּׂקִּ֖ים עַל־פְּנֵיהֶֽם׃ [And David lifted up his eyes, and saw the angel of the LORD standing between the earth and the heaven, having a drawn sword in his hand stretched out over Jerusalem.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.768/) [Then David and the elders, clothed in sackcloth, fell upon their faces.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.769/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1CH:698 # text = וַיִּשָּׂ֨א דָוִ֜יד אֶת־עֵינָ֗יו וַיַּ֞רְא אֶת־מַלְאַ֤ךְ יְהוָה֙ עֹמֵ֗ד בֵּ֤ין הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ וּבֵ֣ין הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְחַרְבּ֤וֹ שְׁלוּפָה֙ בְּיָד֔וֹ נְטוּיָ֖ה עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וַיִּפֹּ֨ל דָּוִ֧יד וְהַזְּקֵנִ֛ים מְכֻסִּ֥ים בַּשַּׂקִּ֖ים עַל־פְּנֵיהֶֽם׃ # verse = 1CH.21.16 1-2 וַיִּשָּׂ֨א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_21:16!1|MId=o130210160011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּשָּׂ֨א נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.lifted.up|Ref=1CH_21:16!1|MId=o130210160012|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:130210160021;A1:130210160041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָוִ֜יד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1CH_21:16!2|MId=o130210160021|Strong=1732 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1CH_21:16!3|MId=o130210160031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 עֵינָ֗יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 עֵינָ֗י עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 2 obj _ Gloss=eyes|Ref=1CH_21:16!4|MId=o130210160041|Strong=5869 6 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1CH_21:16!4|MId=o130210160042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7-8 וַיַּ֞רְא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_21:16!5|MId=o130210160051|Strong=2050b 8 יַּ֞רְא רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.saw|Ref=1CH_21:16!5|MId=o130210160052|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:130210160021;A1:130210160091;130210160151;130210160171;|Type=wayyiqtol 9 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1CH_21:16!6|MId=o130210160061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 10 מַלְאַ֤ךְ מַלְאָךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=the.angel|Ref=1CH_21:16!7|MId=o130210160071|Strong=4397 11 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=1CH_21:16!8|MId=o130210160081|Strong=3068 12 עֹמֵ֗ד עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 8 obj _ Gloss=standing|Ref=1CH_21:16!9|MId=o130210160091|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:130210160071;|Type=participle_active 13 בֵּ֤ין בֵּין ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=1CH_21:16!10|MId=o130210160101|Strong=0996 14-15 הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1CH_21:16!11|MId=o130210160111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 אָ֙רֶץ֙ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=earth|Ref=1CH_21:16!11|MId=o130210160112|Strong=0776 16-17 וּבֵ֣ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_21:16!12|MId=o130210160121|Strong=2050b 17 בֵ֣ין בֵּין ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=1CH_21:16!12|MId=o130210160122|Strong=0996 18-19 הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1CH_21:16!13|MId=o130210160131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 שָּׁמַ֔יִם שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 conj _ Gloss=heavens|Ref=1CH_21:16!13|MId=o130210160132|Strong=8064 20-22 וְחַרְבּ֤וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_21:16!14|MId=o130210160141|Strong=2050b 21 חַרְבּ חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ Gloss=sword|Ref=1CH_21:16!14|MId=o130210160142|Strong=2719 22 ֤וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1CH_21:16!14|MId=o130210160143|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 23 שְׁלוּפָה֙ שָׁלַף VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 12 conj _ Gloss=[was].drawn|Ref=1CH_21:16!15|MId=o130210160151|Strong=8025|Frame=A1:130210160142;|Type=participle_passive 24-26 בְּיָד֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1CH_21:16!16|MId=o130210160161|Strong=0871a 25 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=1CH_21:16!16|MId=o130210160162|Strong=3027 26 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1CH_21:16!16|MId=o130210160163|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 27 נְטוּיָ֖ה נָטָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 12 parataxis _ Gloss=[it.was].stretched.out|Ref=1CH_21:16!17|MId=o130210160171|Strong=5186|Frame=A1:130210160142;|Type=participle_passive 28 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=1CH_21:16!18|MId=o130210160181|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 29 יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 27 obl _ Gloss=Jerusalem|Ref=1CH_21:16!19|MId=o130210160191|Strong=3389 30-31 וַיִּפֹּ֨ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_21:16!20|MId=o130210160201|Strong=2050b 31 יִּפֹּ֨ל נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.fell|Ref=1CH_21:16!20|MId=o130210160202|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:130210160211;130210160223;|Type=wayyiqtol 32 דָּוִ֧יד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 31 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1CH_21:16!21|MId=o130210160211|Strong=1732 33-35 וְהַזְּקֵנִ֛ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_21:16!22|MId=o130210160221|Strong=2050b 34 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1CH_21:16!22|MId=o130210160222|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 זְּקֵנִ֛ים זָקֵן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 32 conj _ Gloss=elders|Ref=1CH_21:16!22|MId=o130210160223|Strong=2205|Type=adjective 36 מְכֻסִּ֥ים כָּסָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PUAL|Number=Plur 32 acl:relcl _ Gloss=covered|Ref=1CH_21:16!23|MId=o130210160231|Strong=3680|Frame=A1:130210160211;130210160223;|Type=participle_passive 37-39 בַּשַּׂקִּ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1CH_21:16!24|MId=o130210160241|Strong=0871a 38 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 39 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1CH_21:16!24|MId=o130210160241ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 39 שַּׂקִּ֖ים שַׂק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 36 obl _ Gloss=sackcloth(s)|Ref=1CH_21:16!24|MId=o130210160242|Strong=8242 40 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1CH_21:16!25|MId=o130210160251|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 41-42 פְּנֵיהֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 פְּנֵי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 31 obl _ Gloss=faces|Ref=1CH_21:16!26|MId=o130210160261|Strong=6440 42 הֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=1CH_21:16!26|MId=o130210160262|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 43 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 42 punct _ Ref=1CH_21:16!26 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּשָּׂא *he lifted up* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָוִיד *David* | עֵינָי *eyes* | | | | יַּרְא *he saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָוִיד *David* | עֹמֵד *standing* + שְׁלוּפָה *\[was\] drawn* + נְטוּיָה *\[it was\] stretched out* | | | | עֹמֵד *standing* | participle active · qal | מַלְאַךְ *the angel* | | | | | שְׁלוּפָה *\[was\] drawn* | participle passive · qal | | חַרְבּ *sword* | | | | נְטוּיָה *\[it was\] stretched out* | participle passive · qal | | חַרְבּ *sword* | | | | יִּפֹּל *he fell* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִיד *David* + זְּקֵנִים *elders* | | | | | מְכֻסִּים *covered* | participle passive · pual | | דָּוִיד *David* + זְּקֵנִים *elders* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And David lifted up his eyes, and saw the angel of the LORD standing between the earth and the heaven, having a drawn sword in his hand stretched out over Jerusalem.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.768/) 2. [Then David and the elders, clothed in sackcloth, fell upon their faces.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.769/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1CH:698`. - ← previous: [1 Chronicles 21:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.21.15/) - next →: [1 Chronicles 21:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.21.17/) - ↑ back to [1 Chronicles 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/21/)