--- title: 1 Chronicles 21:18 — Then the angel of the LORD commanded Gad to say to David, that David… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then the angel of the LORD commanded Gad to say to David, that David should go up, and rear an altar unto the LORD in the threshing-floor of Ornan the Jebusite. Who acts: angel, David. 1 Chronicles 21:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.21.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [1 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/) / [chapter 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/21/) / 21:18 # 1 Chronicles 21:18 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים א **Who acts:** angel, David · **What happens:** command, say, go up, rear · **To what, where:** Gad, David, altar, threshing floor · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Chronicles 21:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — angel, David — and what happens in the verse to Gad, David, altar, threshing floor, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 29 chapters of 1 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּמַלְאַ֧ךְ יְהוָ֛ה אָמַ֥ר אֶל־גָּ֖ד לֵאמֹ֣ר לְדָוִ֑יד כִּ֣י ׀ יַעֲלֶ֣ה דָוִ֗יד לְהָקִ֤ים מִזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ לַיהוָ֔ה בְּגֹ֖רֶן אָרְנָ֥ן הַיְבֻסִֽי׃ [Then the angel of the LORD commanded Gad to say to David, that David should go up, and rear an altar unto the LORD in the threshing-floor of Ornan the Jebusite.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.771/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1CH:700 # text = וּמַלְאַ֧ךְ יְהוָ֛ה אָמַ֥ר אֶל־גָּ֖ד לֵאמֹ֣ר לְדָוִ֑יד כִּ֣י ׀ יַעֲלֶ֣ה דָוִ֗יד לְהָקִ֤ים מִזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ לַיהוָ֔ה בְּגֹ֖רֶן אָרְנָ֥ן הַיְבֻסִֽי׃ # verse = 1CH.21.18 1-2 וּמַלְאַ֧ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_21:18!1|MId=o130210180011|Strong=2050b 2 מַלְאַ֧ךְ מַלְאָךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=the.angel|Ref=1CH_21:18!1|MId=o130210180012|Strong=4397 3 יְהוָ֛ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=1CH_21:18!2|MId=o130210180021|Strong=3068 4 אָמַ֥ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1CH_21:18!3|MId=o130210180031|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:130210180012;|Type=qatal 5 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1CH_21:18!4|MId=o130210180041|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 6 גָּ֖ד גָּד PROPN _ _ 4 obl _ Gloss=Gad|Ref=1CH_21:18!5|MId=o130210180051|Strong=1410 7-8 לֵאמֹ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 4 ccomp _ Gloss=to|Ref=1CH_21:18!6|MId=o130210180061|Strong=3807a 8 אמֹ֣ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 7 fixed _ Gloss=say|Ref=1CH_21:18!6|MId=o130210180062|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:130210180012;A1:130210180091;|Type=infinitive_construct 9-10 לְדָוִ֑יד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1CH_21:18!7|MId=o130210180071|Strong=3807a 10 דָוִ֑יד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 8 obl _ Gloss=David|Ref=1CH_21:18!7|MId=o130210180072|Strong=1732 11 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 13 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=1CH_21:18!8|MId=o130210180081|Strong=3588 12 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 11 punct _ Ref=1CH_21:18!8 13 יַעֲלֶ֣ה עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 ccomp _ Gloss=he.will.go.up|Ref=1CH_21:18!9|MId=o130210180091|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:130210180101;|Type=yiqtol 14 דָוִ֗יד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 13 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1CH_21:18!10|MId=o130210180101|Strong=1732 15-16 לְהָקִ֤ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1CH_21:18!11|MId=o130210180111|Strong=3807a 16 הָקִ֤ים קוּם VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 13 advcl _ Gloss=set.up|Ref=1CH_21:18!11|MId=o130210180112|Strong=6965|Frame=AA:130210180101;A0:130210180121;|Type=infinitive_construct 17 מִזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ מִזְבֵּחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obj _ Gloss=an.altar|Ref=1CH_21:18!12|MId=o130210180121|Strong=4196 18-19 לַיהוָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1CH_21:18!13|MId=o130210180131|Strong=3807a 19 יהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 16 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1CH_21:18!13|MId=o130210180132|Strong=3068 20-21 בְּגֹ֖רֶן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1CH_21:18!14|MId=o130210180141|Strong=0871a 21 גֹ֖רֶן גֹּרֶן NOUN _ Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=the.threshing.floor|Ref=1CH_21:18!14|MId=o130210180142|Strong=1637 22 אָרְנָ֥ן אׇרְנָן PROPN _ _ 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ornan|Ref=1CH_21:18!15|MId=o130210180151|Strong=0771 23-24 הַיְבֻסִֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1CH_21:18!16|MId=o130210180161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 יְבֻסִֽי יְבוּסִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 appos _ Gloss=Jebusite|Ref=1CH_21:18!16|MId=o130210180162|Strong=2983|Type=gentilic 25 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 24 punct _ Ref=1CH_21:18!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: a frame; the quote follows - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָמַר *he said* | qatal · qal | מַלְאַךְ *the angel* | | | | | אמֹר *say* | infinitive construct · qal | מַלְאַךְ *the angel* | יַעֲלֶה *he will go up* | | | | יַעֲלֶה *he will go up* | yiqtol · qal | דָוִיד *David* | | | | | הָקִים *set up* | infinitive construct · hiphil | מִזְבֵּחַ *an altar* | | | דָוִיד *David* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then the angel of the LORD commanded Gad to say to David, that David should go up, and rear an altar unto the LORD in the threshing-floor of Ornan the Jebusite.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.771/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1CH:700`. - ← previous: [1 Chronicles 21:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.21.17/) - next →: [1 Chronicles 21:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.21.19/) - ↑ back to [1 Chronicles 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/21/)